RISK FACTORS FOR MEN WHO HAVE SEX WITH MEN AND HIV INCIDENCE IN BUKITTINGGI CITY INDONESIA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31674/mjmr.2019.v03i03.001Abstract
Men Who Have Sex with Men (MSM) generally cause new HIV infections as much as 12% in the world in 2015. In Bukittinggi city the findings of new cases of HIV in 2017 were 74 people and among them 40 MSM had risk factors. The purpose of this study was to determine the risk factors for HIV in MSM in the City of Bukittinggi. The design of this study is analytic with a case control approach. The study was conducted on July 23- August 15 2018 in the City of Bukittinggi. With a sample size of 60 people with a ratio of 1: 2, namely 20 case groups and 40 control groups and Snow Ball Sampling technique. Data analysis used is both univariate, bivariate analysis. The high-risk factors behind HIV infection happens due to premature age (46.7%), low education level (90%), unemployment (35%), low income (48.3%) and of course marriage (8.3%). There is a relationship between age, work and income with HIV infection in MSM. Age, occupation and income are risk factors for HIV incidence in MSM in the City of Bukittinggi.
Keywords:
HIV, MSM, Risk FactorDownloads
References
Agarwal, A., Hamdallah, M., Swain, S.N., Mukherjee, S., Singh, N., Mahapatra, S., King, E.J., Pulerwitz, J. & Thior, I. (2015). Implementation of a confidential helpline for men having sex with men in India. JMIR Mhealth and Uhealth, 3(1), pages 12.
Agwu, E., Pazos, V., Ihongbe, J.C. & Ssengendo, J. (2011). Appraisal of the Inherent Socio- Demographic Dynamics of HIV/AIDS Epidemic in Four Districts of South-Western Uganda. SAHARA-J: Journal of Social Aspects of HIV/AIDS, 8(3), pp 150–155, doi: 10.1080/17290376.2011.9724997.
Annisa, T.& Harahap. (2011). Gambaran Dan Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Kejadian HIV Pada Wanita Penjaja Seks Komersial ( WPSTL ) Di Kota Batam Dan Kota Denpasar Tahun 2011 = Description and Factors of Indirect Sex Worker with HIV in Batam and Denpasar City in 2011.Retrieved from: http://lib.ui.ac.id/file?file=pdf/abstrak-20331676.pdf
Bongaarts, J. (2007). Late Marriage and the HIV Epidemic in Sub-Saharan Africa. Population Studies, 61 (1), pp 73–83.
Cowan, S.A.& Haff, J. (2008). HIV and risk behaviour among men who have sex with men in Denmark--the 2006 Sex Life Survey. Euro Surveillance,13(48)
Gray, R.H., Li, X., Wawer, M.J., Serwadda, D., Sewankambo, N.K., Wabwire-Mangen, F., Lutalo, T., Kiwanuka, N., Kigozi, G., Nalugoda, F., Meehan, M.P., Robb, M.& Quinn, T.C. (2004). Determinants of HIV-1 load in subjects with early and later HIV infections, in a general-population cohort of Rakai, Uganda. The Journal of Infectious Diseases, 189(1), pp 1209-1215
Hartono, A. (2013). Faktor Risiko Kejadian Penyakit Menular Seksual (Pms) Pada Komunitas Gay Mitra Strategis Perkumpulan Keluarga Berencana Indonesia (Pkbi) Yogyakarta. Retrieved from: http://eprints.ums.ac.id/5967/1/J410050023.PDF?jumlah-pms- yogyakarta.pdf
Kamilah, E.M.& Hastono, S.P.(2014). Hubungan Karakteristik Pasien , Perilaku Beresiko Dan Infeksi Menular Seksual Dengan Kejadian HIV / AIDS Di Klinik VCT ( Voluntary Counselling and Testing ) Puskesmas Cikarang Kecamatan Cikarang Utara Kabupaten Bekasi Tahun 2013 Abstrak Relations Patient. Retrieved from: http://lib.ui.ac.id/naskahringkas/2016-06/S55224-Eulis%20Mar%20Atul%20Kamilah
Kumta, S., Lurie, M., Weitzen, S., Jerajani, H., Gogate, A., Row-kavi, A., Anand, V., Makadon, H.& Mayer, K.H.(2010). Bisexuality, sexual risk taking, and HIV prevalence among men who have sex with men accessing voluntary counseling and testing services in Mumbai, India. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome,53(2), pp 227-233
Li, D., Li, S., Liu, Y., Gao, Y., Yu, M., Yang, X., Li, Q., Jiang, S., Zhou, Z., Zhnag, Z., Yan, L., Jiang, G., Xiao, D., Pan, S.W., Luo, F., Ruan, Y.& Shao, Y. (2012). HIV incidence among men who have sex with men in Beijing: a prospective cohort study. BMJ Open, Pages 7
Liu, Y., Vermund, S.H., Ruan,Y., Liu,H., Zhang,C., Yin,L., Shao, Y.& Quian, H.Z.(2018). HIV Testing and Sexual Risks among Migrant Men Who Have Sex with Men: Findings from a Large Cross-Sectional Study in Beijing , China. AIDS Care, 30 (1), pp 86-94
Logie, C.H., Kenny, K.S., Lacombe-Duncan, A., Levermore, K., Jones, N., Neil, A., Ellis, T., Marshall, A.& Newman, P.A. (2018). Social-ecological factors associated with HIV infection among men who have sex with men in Jamaica. International Journal of STD & AIDS,29(1), pp 80-88
MacKellar, D.A.,, Valleroy, L.A., Secura, G.M., Behel, S., Bingham, T., Celentano, D.D., Koblin, B.A., Lalota, M., McFarland, W., Shehan, D., Thiede, H., Torian, L.V., Janssen, R.S.& Young Men's Survey Study Group.(2005). Unrecognized HIV infection, risk behaviors, and perceptions of risk among young men who have sex with men: opportunities for advancing HIV prevention in the third decade of HIV/AIDS. Journal of Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndromes,38(5), pp 603-614
Meireles, P., Lucas, R., Carvalho, C., Fuertes, R., Brito, J., Campos, M.J., Mendão, L.& Barros, H. (2015). Incident risk factors as predictors of HIV seroconversion in the Lisbon cohort of men who have sex with men: first results, 2011-2014. Euro Surveillence, pages 12
Notoatmodjo, S. (2012). Metodologi Penelitian Kesehatan. Jakarta: Rineka Cipta Noviana, N. (2016). The concept of HIV / AIDS, Sexuality and Reproductive Health.
Pratiwi, N.K. (2015). Pengaruh Tingkat Pendidikan, Perhatian Orang Tua, Dan Minat Belajar Siswa Terhadap Prestasi Belajar Bahasa Indonesia Siswa Smk Kesehatan Di Kota Tangerang. Jurnal Pujangga, 1 (2), pp 75–105.
Saktina, P.U.& Satriyasa, B.K.(2017). Karakteristik Penderita Aids Dan Infeksi Oportunistik Di Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat Sanglah Denpasar Periode Juli 2013 Sampai Juni 2014. E- Jurnal Medika,6(3),pp 1-6
Scott, H.M., Vittinghoff, E., Irvin, R., Sachdev, D., Liu, A., Gurwith, M.& Buchbinder, S.P.(2015). Age, Race/Ethnicity, and Behavioral Risk Factors Associated with Per-Contact Risk of HIV Infection Among Men Who Have Sex with Men in the United States. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 65 (1), pp 115–21
Setia, M.S., Sivasubramanian,M., Anand, V., Row-Kavi, A.&Jerajani, H.R. (2010). Married Men Who Have Sex with Men: The Bridge to HIV Prevention in Mumbai, India. International Journal of Public Health, 55 (6),pp 687–91.
Solomon,S.S., Mehta,S.H., Latimore, A., Srikrishnan, A.K.& Celentano, D.D.(2010).The impact of HIV and high-risk behaviours on the wives of married men who have sex with men and injection drug users: implications for HIV prevention.Journal of the International AIDS Society, 13(Suppl 2), pp 2-8
Thienkrua, W.,van Griensven, F., Mock, P., Dunne, E., Raengsakulrach, B., Wimonsate, W., Howteerakul, N., Ungsedhapand, C., Chiwarakorn, A.& Holtz, T.H.(2018).Young Men Who Have Sex with Men at High Risk for HIV, Bangkok MSM Cohort Study, Thailand 2006- 2014.AIDS and Behaviour,22(7),pp 2137-2146
Treat Asia.(2006).MSM and HIV/AIDS Risk in Asia:What is Fueling the Epidemic Among MSM and How Can It Be Stopped? Retrieved from: file:///C:/Users/LUC- KOL/Desktop/SpecialReport_2006-08_MSM-HIVRiskInAsia.pdf
Tuti, S. (2011). Faktor – Faktor Risiko Yang Berpengaruh Terhadap Kejadian HIV Dan AIDS Di Semarang Dan Sekitarnya. Jurnal Komunikasi Kesehatan, 2 (1), pp 1–16.
UNAIDSData2017.(2017).ProgrammeonHIV/AIDS.Retrievedfrom:https://www.unaids.org/si tes/default/files/media_asset/20170720_Data_book_2017_en.pdf
WHO. (2017). 10 Facts on HIV/AIDS. Retrieved from: http://origin.who.int/features/factfiles/hiv/en/
