The Role of Paediatric Nurse to Enhance Atraumatic Care for Hospitalised Children: Literature Review

Abstract

Introduction: Children are a gift from God and will become the foundation and future of the nation. Currently, sick children in Indonesia suffer from a wide range of both acute and chronic illnesses. This literature review aims to analyse the role of paediatric nurses in providing atraumatic care for hospitalised children. Methods: The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) scheme was used in this study to describe the search strategy. The researcher conducted a search using electronic databases, including Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, and DOAJ. The PICO format was utilised in the literature search process, incorporating terminology such as “Hospitalised Children”, “Children”, “Paediatric Patients”, “Atraumatic Care”, “Atraumatic Care Therapy”, “Atraumatic Approach”, led by “Paediatric Nurse”, “Nurse Paediatric”, “Reduce Pain”, “Reduce Anxiety”, “Comfort”, and “Reduce Stress”. The search was conducted based on inclusion criteria comprising: 1. The role of paediatric nurses; 2. Atraumatic care in sick children; 3. Hospitalised sick children; 4. Journal articles and manuscripts. The exclusion criteria included: 1. Articles published before 2020; 2. Articles not in English. Results: In the process of finding journals in search engines, approximately 983 research journals related to the theme were identified. The author categorised several themes for further discussion, including psychosocial care (the role of paediatric nurses), hospitalised children, family support management, and atraumatic care management. It is hoped that paediatric nurses can enhance the parenting model for hospitalised children. In both primary and secondary care, the biopsychosocial model was incorporated. In primary care, local child health teams consisting of general practitioners, paediatricians, and paediatric nurses coordinated care with community paediatricians, health visitors, school health services, social workers, and mental health services. Additionally, nurses play a role in providing therapeutic play, which can reduce anxiety levels in children. The use of Trace Image and Colouring for Kids-Book (TICK-B), AI-based technology, particularly Virtual Reality, as well as both passive and active ventriloquist nursing interventions, are also alternative choices in providing nursing care. Conclusion: Nurses play a crucial role in integrated care services provided to hospitalised children.