The Role of Paediatric Nurse to Enhance Atraumatic Care for Hospitalised Children: Literature Review

Abstract

Introduction: Children are a gift and a gift from God who will become the foundation and future of the nation. Sick children in Indonesia currently vary greatly from both acute and chronic illnesses. This literature review aims to analyse the role of paediatric nurses in atraumatic care for hospitalised children. Methods: Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta -Analyses (PRISMA) scheme used in this study to describe search strategy. The researcher conducted a search using electronic databases as follows Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, DOAJ. The PICO format was used in the literature search process for this review which includes terminology “Hospitalised Children”, “Children”, “Paediatric Patients”, “Atraumatic Care”, “Atraumatic Care Theraphy”, “Atraumatic Approach” led by “Paediatric nurse”, “Nurse Paediatric”, “Redue Pain”, “Reduce Anxiety”, “Comfort”, “Reduce Stress”. The author conducted a search based on inclusion criteria consisting of 1. The role of Paediatric Nurses, 2. Atraumatic care in sick children, 3. Hospitalised sick children, 4. Journal articles and manuscripts. The exclusion criteria in this search are 1. Articles with a year limit of less than 2020; 2. Articles not in English. Results: In the process of finding journals in search engines, it was found that there were around 983 research journals related to the theme. The author determined several themes for further discussion, namely psychosocial care (the role of paediatric nurse), hospitalised children, family support management, and atraumatic care management. It is hoped that paediatric nurses can improve parenting models for hospitalised children. In both primary and secondary care, the biopsychosocial model was incorporated. In primary care, local child health teams consisting of general practitioners, paediatricians, and paediatric nurses coordinated care with community paediatricians, health visitors, and school health, social work, and mental health services. Apart from that, nurses also play a role in providing therapeutic play, which can reduce anxiety levels in children. The use of Trace Image and Coloring for Kids-Book (TICK-B), AI-based technology, especially Virtual Reality, both passive and active Ventriloquist nursing intervention, are also an alternative choice in providing nursing care. Conclusion: Nurses who play a role in integrated care services are provided to hospitalised children who are hospitalised.