Analysis of Pharmacists' Knowledge Level on Good Compounding Practice (GCP) in Pharmacies of Tenggarong and Tenggarong Seberang Subdistricts
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31674/mjmr.2025.v09i03.001Abstract
Introduction: The compounding of medications is gaining significant attention due to increasing reports of pharmaceutical errors, contamination, and adverse drug interactions. These risks highlight the importance of adhering to Good Compounding Practice (GCP), a set of standards that pharmacists must understand and implement to ensure the safety, effectiveness, and quality of compounded medications. GCP also supports access to customised medications for patients with specific health needs. This study was conducted to assess the level of knowledge regarding GCP among pharmacists in the Tenggarong and Tenggarong Seberang districts. Methods: This study employed a non-experimental, descriptive qualitative research design. The sampling technique used was total sampling, targeting all 56 pharmacists practicing within the specified districts. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire designed to assess knowledge of GCP. The data were then analysed through univariate analysis using Microsoft Excel to determine overall knowledge levels. Results: The findings revealed that pharmacists in both districts demonstrated a generally high level of knowledge regarding GCP. The average score among respondents was 85.98%, classifying their knowledge level as “good.” This suggests a satisfactory understanding of the core principles of compounding, including hygiene, documentation, labelling, storage, and quality assurance. Conclusion: The study concluded that pharmacists in Tenggarong and Tenggarong Seberang possess a good level of knowledge about Good Compounding Practice. Nevertheless, continued training, evaluation, and adherence to standard guidelines are recommended to maintain and enhance compounding quality, thus ensuring the delivery of safe, effective, and legally compliant pharmaceutical care.
Keywords:
Compounded Medications, Good Compounding Practice, Knowledge Level, PharmacistsDownloads
References
Art Workflow HQ. (2024, July 7). The complete guide to BPOM drug labeling requirements. Retrieved from: https://www.artworkflowhq.com/resources/the-complete-guide-to-bpom-drug-labeling-requirements. Accessed on 25th October 2024.
Athiyah, U., Setiawan, C, D., Nugraheni, G., Zairna, E., Utami, W., Hermansyah A. 2019. Assessment of pharmacists’ knowledge, attitude and practice in chain community pharmacies towards their current function and performance in Indonesia. Journal of Pharmacy Practice (Granada). https://dx.doi.org/10.18549/pharmpract.2019.3.1518.
Billstein-Leber, M., Carrillo, C. O. L., Cassano, A. T., Moline, K., & Robertson, J. J. (2018). ASHP guidelines on preventing medication errors in hospitals. American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy, 75(19). https://doi.org/10.2146/ajhp170811.
Cokro, F., Arrang, S. T., Solang, J. A., & Sekarsari, P. (2021). The beyond-use date perception of drugs in North Jakarta, Indonesia. Indonesian Journal of Clinical Pharmacy, 10(3). https://doi.org/10.15416/ijcp.2021.10.3
Garcia-Cardenas, V., Rossing, C. V., Fernandez-Llimos, F., Schulz, M., Tsuyuki, R., Bugnon, O., ... & Benrimoj, S. I. (2020). Pharmacy practice research–a call to action. Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy, 16(11), 1602-1608. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sapharm.2020.07.031.
Janusziewicz, A. N., Glueck, S. N., Park, S. Y., Nguyen, D. N., Rimmel, S. C., Cascio, L. A., ... & Martin-Yeboah, G. F. (2021). A pharmacist-driven Food and Drug Administration incident surveillance and response program for compounded drugs. American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy, 78(15), 1438-1443. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajhp/zxab176.
Khraim, A., Alabbadi, I., & Alnahar, S. A. (2025). Currently practising regulatory affairs pharmacists-were they ready to practice at the time of graduation-An exploratory cross-section study. Currents in Pharmacy Teaching and Learning, 17(3). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cptl.2024.102243
Mauliana, M., & Wiryanto, W. (2020). Evaluation of drug management achievement in pharmacy installation of Langsa General Hospital. Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Development, 8(1), 5-10. https://doi.org/10.22270/ajprd.v8i1.648.
Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia. (2016). Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan Republik Indonesia Nomor 73 Tahun 2016 tentang Standar Pelayanan Kefarmasian di Apotek [Regulation of the Minister of Health Number 73 of 2016 concerning pharmaceutical service standards in pharmacies]. Jakarta, Indonesia. Retrieved from: https://farmalkes.kemkes.go.id/unduh/permenkes-73-2016/. Accessed on 20th February 2024.
National Institutes of Health, 2016. Construction Features and Interior Finishes In cGMP and Pharmacy Compounding Facilities. Retrieved from: https://orf.od.nih.gov/TechnicalResources/Documents/Technical%20Bulletins/16TB/Construction%20Features%20and%20Interior%20Finishes%20In%20cGMP%20and%20Pharmacy%20Compounding%20Facilities_508.pdf. Accessed on 10th April 2024.
Ridwan, M., Sukri, A., Badarussyamsi, B. (2021). Studi analisis tentang makna pengetahuan dan ilmu studi analisis tentang makna pengetahuan dan ilmu pengetahuan serta jenis dan sumbernya [Analytical studies on the meaning of knowledge and science and its types and sources]. Jurnal Geuthèë: Penelitian Multidisiplin, 4(1), 31–54. https://doi.org/10.52626/jg.v4i1.96
Rochjana, A. U., Jufri, M., Andrajati, R., & Sartika, R. A. (2019). Masalah farmasetika dan interaksi obat pada resep racikan pasien pediatri: studi retrospektif pada salah satu rumah sakit di Kabupaten Bogor [Pharmaceutical problems and drug interactions in pediatric patient prescriptions: a retrospective study at a hospital in Bogor Regency]. Indonesian Journal of Clinical Pharmacy, 8(1), 42-48. https://doi.org/10.15416/ijcp.2019.8.1.42
Sakeena, M. H. F., Bennett, A. A., & McLachlan, A. J. (2019). The need to strengthen the role of the pharmacist in Sri Lanka: Perspectives. Pharmacy, 7(2), 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmacy7020054
Shehab, N., Brown, M. N., Kallen, A. J., & Perz, J. F. (2018). US compounding pharmacy-related outbreaks, 2001–2013: Public health and patient safety lessons learned. Journal of Patient Safety, 14(3), 164-173. https://doi.org/14(3).0.1097/PTS.0000000000000188
U.S Pharmocopeia (USP). (2022), The United States Pharmacopeia, USP 41/The National Formulary, NF 36 (pp. 6459–6460). Rockville, MD: Author. Retrieved from: https://www.uspnf.com/sites/default/files/usp_pdf/EN/USPNF/usp-nf-commentary/41-nf-36-index.pdf. Accessed on 12th May 2023.
U.S. Pharmacopeia (USP). (2020). Chapter 795 Pharmaceutical Compounding-Nonsterile Preparations. Retrieved from: https://www.usp.org/compounding/general-chapter-795. Accessed on 25th October 2023.
Wahyudi, W. (2018). The influence of job satisfaction and work experience on lecturer performance of Pamulang University. Scientific Journal of Reflection: Economic, Accounting, Management and Business, 1(2), 221-230. https://doi.org/10.37481/sjr.v1i2.140.
Watson, C. J., Whitledge, J. D., Siani, A. M., & Burns, M. M. (2021). Pharmaceutical compounding: A history, regulatory overview, and systematic review of compounding errors. Journal of Medical Toxicology, 17, 197-217. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13181-020-00814-3.
Waworundeng, J. M. S., & Sandag, G. (2022). Analisis Tingkat Kepuasan Pelanggan terhadap Layanan Grab dan Gojek di Masa Pandemi Covid-19 [Analysis of Customer Satisfaction Levels towards Grab and Gojek Services during the Covid-19 Pandemic]. CogITo Smart Journal, 8(1), 111-121. https://doi.org/10.31154/cogito.v8i1.395.111-121.
Wijaya, H., & Octavia, D. R. (2024). Analysis of Pharmacists' Knowledge of Non-Sterile Good Compounding Practice (GCP) and Implementation in Samarinda City Pharmacies. Malaysian Journal of Medical Research (MJMR), 8(3), 7-13. https://doi.org/10.31674/mjmr.2024.v08i03.002
Wijianto, D. W., Nurinnafi'a, A. M. U., Luthfitah, A., Firdaus, M. W., Suryandaru, S., & Febriani, R. E. (2023). Implementation of Islamic Ethics in Pharmaceutical Services: A Literature Review Approach. Solo International Collaboration and Publication of Social Sciences and Humanities, 1(03), 181-188. https://doi.org/10.61455/sicopus.v1i03.64
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Malaysian Journal of Medical Research (MJMR)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
