Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Restless Legs Syndrome in Iraqi Hemodialysis Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31674/mjn.2026.v17i04.013Abstract
Background: In patients receiving hemodialysis, restless legs syndrome (RLS) is an underrecognized comorbidity that significantly reduces sleep quality and treatment compliance. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of RLS, risk factors, and implications for nursing care among hemodialysis patients in An Nasiriyah, Iraq. Methods: A cross-sectional study utilizing the International Restless Legs Syndrome Study Group's (IRLSSG) standardized criteria, involving 199 hemodialysis patients from January 2024 to March 2025. Participants were categorized into an RLS group (n=76) and a control group (n=123) based on the IRLSSG criteria. Demographic and clinical characteristics, along with laboratory data, were acquired via interviews and medical records. Statistical analysis employed SPSS version 26, considering p-values under 0.05 as significant. Results: RLS prevalence was 38.2% (95% CI: 31.4–45.4%). Multivariate regression identified age, hypertension, smoking (Odds Ratio = 2.98, p = 0.038), and longer ESRD duration as independent predictors of RLS. Furthermore, 81.6% of patients with RLS reported significant sleep disturbances, with 31.6% indicating extremely severe disruption. Conclusion: The prevalence of RLS among Iraqi hemodialysis patients is significantly high and is associated with poor sleep quality. Nursing-led screening and the application of non-pharmacological interventions may improve symptom management and overall outcomes.
Keywords:
Hemodialysis;, Nursing Assessment;, Patient-Centered Care;, Restless Legs Syndrome;, Symptom ManagementDownloads
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