Evaluation of Knowledge and Skill Retention by Self-Directed Video Learning and Demonstration on Basic Life Support among First-Year Nursing Students
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31674/mjn.2025.v17i02.024Abstract
Background: Basic life support is critical to reduce cardiac arrest mortality on a global basis. The retention of basic life support knowledge and skills in nursing students needs to be a concern. To enhance the delivery of knowledge and skills directly to nursing students, an appropriate method is needed so that the material can be conveyed and understood over a long period of time by using demonstration methods and self-directed video. Additionally, assessing the effectiveness of self-directed videos and demonstrations in improving retention of knowledge and skills is essential. Methods: The experimental group self-directed video for 3 days. The control group demonstration was 2 hours long and accompanied by the instructor. This experimental study with an interrupted time series design used 160 first-year nursing students of Kusuma Husada Surakarta University, Indonesia, who were selected randomly in each group. Post intervention, at 4 weeks, 8 weeks and 12 weeks, post-test assessments were conducted. Mann-Whitney tests were used to analyse the data. Results: The significance value of 0.000, which is less than 0.05, indicates that there was a positive difference in knowledge and skill retention with self-directed video and demonstration. Conclusion: After being treated with self-directed video and demonstration, there was a significant difference in the retention of basic life support knowledge and skills. The demonstration with feedback by the instructor had better retention than the self-directed video. Implementing demonstration in learning for nursing students increases understanding and retention and produces competent nursing students and beneficial public health.
Keywords:
Adult, Cardiac Arrest, Cardiopulmonary, NursingDownloads
References
Alharbi, A., Nurfianti, A., Mullen, R. F., McClure, J. D., & Miller, W. H. (2024). The effectiveness of simulation-based learning (SBL) on students' knowledge and skills in nursing programs: A systematic review. BMC Medical Education, 24(1), 1099. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-024-06080-z
American Heart Association (2020). American Heart Association guidelines for cardiopulmonary resuscitation and emergency cardiovascular care. American Heart Association. https://cpr.heart.org/en/resuscitation-science/cpr-and-ecc-guidelines
Anggraini, N. A., Ambarika, R., & Rai, R. P. (2020b). Effect of providing basic life support for improving skills in first aid on cardiac arrest for student of senior high school in Kediri. Enfermeria Clinica, 30, 50-54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enfcli.2019.12.037
Anggraini, N. A., Ambarika, R., Fawzi, A., Sanaty, B. A., & bin Sansuwito, T. (2020a). Relationship of perception with community attitudes about handling prehospital prevention of cervical injury risk in traffic accident patients in Watdek Village Maluku Tenggara. Enfermeria Clinica, 30, 119-121. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enfcli.2019.11.036
Atkins, D. L., Sasson, C., Hsu, A., Aziz, K., Becker, L. B., Berg, R. A., ... & Morgan, R. W. (2022). 2022 interim guidance to health care providers for basic and advanced cardiac life support in adults, children, and neonates with suspected or confirmed COVID-19: from the Emergency Cardiovascular Care Committee and get with the Guidelines-Resuscitation Adult and Pediatric Task Forces of the American Heart Association in collaboration with the American Academy of Pediatrics, American Association for Respiratory Care, the Society of Critical Care Anesthesiologists, and American Society of Anesthesiologists. Circulation: Cardiovascular Quality and Outcomes, 15(4), e008900. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCOUTCOMES.122.008900
Buranasakda, M. (2021). Knowledge of and attitudes toward bystander CPR among Thais in Auckland (Doctoral dissertation, Auckland University of Technology). https://openrepository.aut.ac.nz/items/c25929ad-c650-4e97-95bb-c65e3ee379b9
Chang, Y. T., Wu, K. C., Yang, H. W., Lin, C. Y., Huang, T. F., Yu, Y. C., & Hu, Y. J. (2023). Effects of different cardiopulmonary resuscitation education interventions among university students: A randomized controlled trial. PloS One, 18(3), e0283099. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0283099
Charlier, N., Van Der Stock, L., & Iserbyt, P. (2020). Comparing student nurse knowledge and performance of basic life support algorithm actions: An observational post-retention test design study. Nurse Education in Practice, 43, 102714. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nepr.2020.102714
Chen, M., Wang, Y., Li, X., Hou, L., Wang, Y., Liu, J., & Han, F. (2017). Public Knowledge and Attitudes towards Bystander Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation in China. Biomed Research International, 2017, 3250485. https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/3250485
Chong, K. M., Yang, H. W., He, H. C., Lien, W. C., Yang, M. F., Chi, C. Y., ... & Ko, P. C. I. (2023). The effectiveness of online-only blended cardiopulmonary resuscitation training: static-group comparison study. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 25, e42325. https://doi.org/10.2196/42325
Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, J. D. (2017). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches. Sage publications. https://efaidnbmnnnibpcajpcglclefindmkaj/https://spada.uns.ac.id/pluginfile.php/510378/mod_resource/content/1/creswell.pdf
Detiana, Wiyanti, Kurumawaty, & Yunike. (2021). Save human life through basic life support training. Nursing & Healthcare International Journal, 5(6), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.23880/nhij-16000255
Elvira, M., Aulia, F., Hidayati, H., Arif, M., Dewi, D. S., & Sinthania, D. (2024). Developing a Clinical Learning Model to Improve Nursing Students' Learning Outcomes. The Malaysian Journal of Nursing (MJN), 15(4), 43-50. https://doi.org/10.31674/mjn.2024.v15i04.006
Ghaderi, M. S., Malekzadeh, J., Mazloum, S., & Pourghaznein, T. (2023). Comparison of real-time feedback and debriefing by video recording on basic life support skill in nursing students. BMC Medical Education, 23(1), 62. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-022-03951-1
Gun, C., & Aldinc, H. (2022). Knowledge and attitudes toward basic life support: survey among school teachers. Journal of Health Sciences and Medicine, 5(4), 984-988. https://doi.org/10.32322/jhsm.1113486
Han, S., Lee, C. A., Jeong, W. J., Park, J., & Park, H. A. (2023, July). Framework development of non-face-to-face training of basic life support for laypersons: A multi-method study. Healthcare, 11(14), 2110. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11142110
Indri, W., Sri, A., & Wiji, U. Y. (2018). The correlation between training and experience with self-efficacy in volunteer to doing first aid for victims on traffic accident in Malang. Age, 34(78), 35. https://doi.org/10.18551/biotika.2018-05.04
Isa, R., Rahmad, N., Mohd, S. N. S., Fauzi, R., & Isa, S. N. I. I. (2022). Knowledge and practice of basic life support (BLS) among registered nurse at a private hospital in Seremban. The Malaysian Journal of Nursing (MJN), 13(3), 58-64. https://doi.org/10.31674/mjn.2022.v13i03.009
Kose, S., Akin, S., Mendi, O., & Goktas, S. (2019). The effectiveness of basic life support training on nursing students' knowledge and basic life support practices: A non-randomized quasi-experimental study. African Health Sciences, 19(2), 2252–2262. https://doi.org/10.4314/ahs.v19i2.51
Kothari, C. R. (2004). Research methodology: Methods and techniques. New Age International. https://efaidnbmnnnibpcajpcglclefindmkaj/http://dl.saintgits.org/jspui/bitstream/123456789/1133/1/Research%20Methodology%20C%20R%20Kothari%20%28Eng%29%201.81%20MB.pdf
Kua, P. H. J., White, A. E., Ng, W. Y., Fook-Chong, S., Ng, E. K. X., Ng, Y. Y., & Ong, M. E. H. (2018). Knowledge and attitudes of Singapore schoolchildren learning cardiopulmonary resuscitation and automated external defibrillator skills. Singapore Medical Journal, 59(9), 487–499. https://doi.org/10.11622/smedj.2018021
Lee, J. H., Cho, Y., Kang, K. H., Cho, G. C., Song, K. J., & Lee, C. H. (2016). The effect of the duration of basic life support training on the learners’ cardiopulmonary and automated external defibrillator skills. BioMed Research International, 2016(1), 2420568. https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/2420568
Mekonnen, C. K., & Muhye, A. B. (2020). Basic life support knowledge and its associated factors among a non-medical population in Gondar town, Ethiopia. Open Access Emergency Medicine: OAEM, 12, 323–331. https://doi.org/10.2147/OAEM.S274437
Moon, H., & Hyun, H. S. (2019). Nursing students’ knowledge, attitude, self-efficacy in blended learning of cardiopulmonary resuscitation: A randomized controlled trial. BMC Medical Education, 19(1), 414. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-019-1848-8
Nemat, A., Nedaie, M. H., Essar, M. Y., Ashworth, H., Aminpoor, H., Sediqi, A. W., Mowlabaccus, W. B., & Ahmad, S. (2023). Basic life support knowledge among healthcare providers in Afghanistan: a cross-sectional study of current competencies and areas for improvement. Annals of Medicine and Surgery, 85(4), 684–688. https://doi.org/10.1097/MS9.0000000000000273
Nurachman, A., & Sansuwito, T. (2024). The effectiveness of an automated audio system for health education tool on dengue fever prevention knowledge using the" 3M+" Strategy. The Malaysian Journal of Nursing (MJN), 16(1), 41-46. https://doi.org/10.31674/mjn.2024.v16i01.005
Nurul, A. A. C., & Silvy, I. M. (2019). The effectiveness of demonstration methods on the skills of adolescents as bystander CPR. Biotika, 2, 3-8. https://efaidnbmnnnibpcajpcglclefindmkaj/https://journal-biotika.com/current-issues/2019-02/article_01.pdf
Pande, S., Pande, S., Parate, V., Pande, S., & Sukhsohale, N. (2014). Evaluation of retention of knowledge and skills imparted to first-year medical students through basic life support training. Advances in Physiology Education, 38(1), 42–45. https://doi.org/10.1152/advan.00102.2013
Partiprajak, S., & Thongpo, P. (2016). Retention of basic life support knowledge, self-efficacy and chest compression performance in Thai undergraduate nursing students. Nurse Education in Practice, 16(1), 235–241. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nepr.2015.08.012
Pramestutie, H. R., Kristina, S. A., Lazuardi, L., & Widayanti, A. W. (2023). Using the simulated patient method to evaluate the community pharmacy management of childhood diarrhoea: A systematic review. The Malaysian Journal of Medical Sciences: MJMS, 30(5), 52–69. https://doi.org/10.21315/mjms2023.30.5.5
Ranjbar, M., Hejripour, S. Z., Darvishi, M., & Karimi, E. (2019). The effects of different instructional cpr method on the acquisition and retention of CPR skills in soldiers: A controlled randomized trial. Journal of Archives in Military Medicine, 7(4). https://doi.org/10.5812/jamm.106306
Saidu, A., Lee, K., Ismail, I., Arulogun, O., & Lim, P. Y. (2023). Effectiveness of video self-instruction training on cardiopulmonary resuscitation retention of knowledge and skills among nurses in north-western Nigeria. Frontiers in Public Health, 11, 1124270. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2023.1124270
Seol, J., & Lee, O. (2020). Effects of cardiopulmonary resuscitation training for Mozambican nursing students in a low-resource setting: An intervention study. Nurse Education Today, 90, 104433. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2020.104433
Sivil, R., Yiğit, Ö., İbze, S., Göksu, E., & Şenol, Y. (2025). Chest compression quality and retention of skills in basic life support training given to medical school year 5 students. Turkish Journal of Emergency Medicine, 25(3), 216–222. https://doi.org/10.4103/tjem.tjem_271_24
Srivilaithon, W., Amnuaypattanapon, K., Limjindaporn, C., Diskumpon, N., Dasanadeba, I., & Daorattanachai, K. (2020). Retention of basic-life-support knowledge and skills in second-year medical students. Open Access Emergency Medicine: OAEM, 12, 211–217. https://doi.org/10.2147/OAEM.S241598
Sturny, L., Regard, S., Larribau, R., Niquille, M., Savoldelli, G. L., Sarasin, F., Schiffer, E., & Suppan, L. (2021). Differences in basic life support knowledge between junior medical students and lay people: Web-Based questionnaire study. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 23(2), e25125. https://doi.org/10.2196/25125
Sugiyanto, J., Mintaroem, K., & Wihastuti, T. A. (2020). Effect of self-directed videos and simulations on nurse skills in Advanced Cardiac Life Support: Comparison Study. Research Journal of Life Science, 7(3), 132-141. https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.rjls.2020.007.03.3
Suwanpairoj, C., Wongsombut, T., Maisawat, K., Torod, N., Jaengkrajan, A., Sritharo, N., Atthapreyangkul, N., & Wittayachamnankul, B. (2020). Outcome of basic life support training among primary school students in Southeast Asia. Clinical and Experimental Emergency Medicine, 7(4), 245–249. https://doi.org/10.15441/ceem.19.095
Tsimane, T. A., & Downing, C. (2020). A model to facilitate transformative learning in nursing education. International Journal of Nursing Sciences, 7(3), 269–276. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnss.2020.04.006
Wahyuningsih, I., Rifa’i, V. A., Herlianita, R., & Pratiwi, I. D. (2022). Pengaruh metode self direct video dan simulasi terhadap pengetahuan dan keterampilan Resusitasi Jantung Paru (RJP) Pada Relawan. (The effect of self-direct video and simulation methods on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) knowledge and skills in volunteers). Jurnal Multidisiplin Madani, 2(1), 155-170. https://journal.formosapublisher.org/index.php/mudima/article/view/119
Yava, A., Tosun, B., Papp, K., Tóthová, V., Şahin, E., Yılmaz, E. B., Dirgar, E., Hellerová, V., Tricas-Sauras, S., Prosen, M., Ličen, S., Karnjus, I., Tamayo, M. D. B., & Leyva-Moral, J. M. (2023). Developing the better and effective nursing education for improving transcultural nursing skills cultural competence and cultural sensitivity assessment tool (BENEFITS-CCCSAT). BMC Nursing, 22(1), 331. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-023-01476-6
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 The Malaysian Journal of Nursing (MJN)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
