Osteoporosis Patients’ Knowledge Concerning Prevention Measures Related to Fractures, Baghdad, Iraq

Authors

  • Shaymaa Mohammed Hussein Adult Nursing Department, College of the Nursing, University of Baghdad, 992M+CV4 Baghdad Governorate, Iraq https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2770-189X
  • Tahseen Rajab Mohammed Adult Nursing Department, College of the Nursing, University of Baghdad, 992M+CV4 Baghdad Governorate, Iraq

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.31674/mjn.2025.v16i04.013

Abstract

Background: The Osteoporosis-related fractures (ORF) are a result of an imbalance between osteoblasts and osteoclasts. Osteoporosis’s consequences can lead to fractures, disability, and poor life quality. It has been reported to increase and enhance knowledge and awareness about health education in terms of protection from ORF. Objectives: The study aimed to assess Osteoporosis patients’ knowledge towards prevention measures related to fractures. Methods: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study in a purposive sample of 60 patients attending the outpatient clinic of rheumatology in Baghdad teaching hospitals, Iraq, carried out from February 2024 to June 2024. The data on the questionnaire prepared with the support of literature were collected using a patients information form with 37 questions to investigate patients’ knowledge towards prevention measures related to osteoporosis fractures. Descriptive statistics were used to illustrate the frequencies of the study variables. A bivariate analysis was carried out using ANOVA and t-tests. P-values less than 0.05 were considered significant. The statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS, version 25. Results: It was revealed the mean age was (54.2) years old with an SD of (11.7) years, the females accounted for (83.3%), the obese represented (48.3%), and the primary educational attainment was (40%). A (76.7%) of them haven’t had a previous fracture, (93.3%) have back pain, and (40%) are complaining from Rheumatoid Arthritis. Conclusion: It’s concluded the importance of disseminating awareness about Osteoporosis and fracture prevention and performing continuous workshops to enhance knowledge and practices. Also, improving early detection and management of Osteoporosis, and implementing further interventional studies are essential.

Keywords:

Fractures, Knowledge, Osteoporosis, Patients

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Abdul-Hameed, H. (2012). Effectiveness of osteoporosis prevention instruction program on nursing college students’ knowledge at Baghdad University. Iraqi National Journal of Nursing Specialties, 25(3), 35-49. https://doi.org/10.58897/injns.v25i3.142

Abdurrahman, A., & Putra, A. (2024). Nurses' knowledge and attitudes towards hand hygiene in Aceh, Indonesia: A correlational study among surgical nurses. International Journal of Advanced and Applied Sciences, 11(2), 212–218. https://doi.org/10.21833/ijaas.2024.02.022

Abtahi, S. (2021). Osteoporotic Fractures: Relation to Mortality, Medication Use, and Rheumatoid Arthritis. [Doctoral Thesis, Maastricht University]. Maastricht University. https://doi.org/10.26481/dis.20211028sa

Ahmed, M. S., Mohammed, Z. J., & Kareem, R. F. (2023). Efficacy of Health Belief Model-Based Intervention for Enhancing Nursing Staff Beliefs Regarding Osteoporosis Prevention at Primary Health Care Centers. Pakistan Heart Journal, 56(2), 372-7. Retrieved from: https://www.pkheartjournal.com/index.php/journal/article/view/1381. Accessed on 25th February, 2024.

Al-Hafidh, A. H., Al-Ani, G. T. S., & Gorial, F. I. (2019, July). Prevalence of osteoporosis and osteopenia in Iraqi premenopausal and postmenopausal subjects among a sample of patients attending Baghdad Teaching Hospital. Journal of Global Pharma Technology, 10(11, Suppl), 27–32. Retrieved from: https://jgpt.co.in/index.php/jgpt/article/view/1626. Accessed on 30th December, 2023.

Alrashidy, R. I. (2021). Evaluation of knowledge about osteoporosis risk factors among adults above 40 years of age in Hafar Al-Batin Region, Saudi Arabia. Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care, 10(8), 3089-3093. https://doi.org/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_386_21

Ameen, W. A., & Rabe'a, M. A. (2016). Dietary Behaviors among women with osteoporosis at Merjan teaching hospital in Hilla City. Iraqi National Journal of Nursing Specialties, 29(2). https://doi.org/10.58897/injns.v29i2.258

Beaudart, C., Boonen, A., Li, N., Bours, S., Goemaere, S., Reginster, J. Y., ... & Hiligsmann, M. (2022). Patient preferences for lifestyle behaviours in osteoporotic fracture prevention: a cross-European discrete choice experiment. Osteoporosis International, 33(6), 1335-1346. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-022-06310-4

Chan, C. Y., Subramaniam, S., Chin, K. Y., Ima-Nirwana, S., Muhammad, N., Fairus, A., ... & Mohamed, N. (2022). Effect of a screening and education programme on knowledge, beliefs, and practices regarding osteoporosis among Malaysians. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(10). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19106072

Cherian, K. E., Kapoor, N., & Paul, T. V. (2019). Utility of FRAX (Fracture Risk Assessment Tool) in primary care and family practice setting in India. Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care, 8(6), 1824–1827. https://doi.org/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_385_19

Fahmy, H., Ahmad, M., Elayan, R., Ibrahim, H., Mahmoud, S., & Osman, S. (2021). Effectiveness of educational program on osteoporosis knowledge and beliefs among older adult people. International Medical Journal, 28(1), 73-77. Retrieved from: https://aun.edu.eg/nursing/sites/default/files/researches/Osteoprosis.pdf Accessed on 28th January, 2024.

Hasan Alam, F., Elsayed Ibrahim, E., & H El-Amrosy, S. (2023). Effectiveness of logotherapy training on self-esteem, communication skills and impact of event among older adults. International Egyptian Journal of Nursing Sciences and Research, 3(2), 486-505. https://doi.org/10.21608/ejnsr.2023.278176

Hussein, S. M., & Atiyah, H. H. (2016). Effectiveness of an instructional program on knowledge for patients with lumbar disk prolapse at Baghdad teaching hospitals. IOSR Journal of Nursing and Health Science (IOSR-JNHS), 5 (4, Ver. IV), 37–45. https://doi.org/10.9790/1959-0504043745

Imbeah, C. N. (2020). Effect of a Lifestyle Modification Education Program among an Inner-City Church Adults’ Overall Health (Doctoral dissertation, Bradley University). Retrieved from:https://efaidnbmnnnibpcajpcglclefindmkaj/https://www.doctorsofnursingpractice.org/wp-content/uploads/project_form/complete_311220080731.pdf. Accessed on 26th February, 2024.

Kahwati, L. C., Kistler, C. E., Booth, G., Sathe, N., Gordon, R., Cox, A., ... & Viswanathan, M. (2025). Screening for osteoporosis to prevent fractures: An evidence review for the US Preventive Services Task Force. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2024.21653

Kahwati, L. C., Kistler, C. E., Booth, G., Sathe, N., Gordon, R., Cox, A., ... & Viswanathan, M. (2025). Screening for osteoporosis to prevent fractures: A systematic evidence review for the US Preventive Services Task Force. JAMA, 333(6), 509–531. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2024.21653

Khaleel, E. E., & Atiyah, H. H. (2022). Evaluation of diabetic patients’ knowledge to cutoff osteoporosis at diabetes center in Duhok City. Pakistan Journal of Medical & Health Sciences, 16(03), 586-586. https://doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs22163586

Liao, P. H., & Chu, W. (2024). Exploring the impact of an instructional web-based healthcare app for relieving back pain from spinal compression fractures: An observational study. Multimedia Tools and Applications, 83(11), 33295-33311. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-023-16801-z

Liu, J., Guo, H., Rai, P., Pinto, L., & Barron, R. (2018). Medication persistence and risk of fracture among female Medicare beneficiaries diagnosed with osteoporosis. Osteoporosis international: a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA, 29(11), 2409–2417. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-018-4630-6

Lloret, M. J., Fusaro, M., Jørgensen, H. S., Haarhaus, M., Gifre, L., Alfieri, C. M., Massó, E., D'Marco, L., Evenepoel, P., & Bover, J. (2024). Evaluating osteoporosis in chronic kidney disease: both bone quantity and quality matter. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 13(4). https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13041010

Mohamed Abdelrahman, B., Abdallah Abdel-Mordy, M., & Mohamed Saad, A. (2024). Educational program based on theory of planned behavior for female teachers regarding osteoporosis prevention. Journal of Nursing Science Benha University, 5(1), 86-111. https://doi.org/10.21608/jnsbu.2024.333420

Mohammed, M. Y., & Abdulwahed, H. S. (2021). Assessment of health follow up and weight control for women with osteoporosis in Baqubah City. Iraqi National Journal of Nursing Specialties, 34(2), 89-98. https://doi.org/10.58897/injns.v34i2.578

Naser, A. A. R., & Khuder, K. M. (2023). Effectiveness of instruction program on osteoporosis old age performance about prevention of fall. Migration Letters, 20(S8), 198–205. https://doi.org/10.59670/ml.v20iS8.4514

Park, K. S., Yoo, J. I., Kim, H. Y., Jang, S., Park, Y., & Ha, Y. C. (2017). Education and exercise program improves osteoporosis knowledge and changes calcium and vitamin D dietary intake in community dwelling elderly. BMC Public Health, 17(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-017-4966-4

Pinar, G., & Pinar, T. (2020). The impact of health belief model based educational intervention on women’s knowledge, beliefs, preventive behaviors and clinical outcomes about osteoporosis. SAGE Open, 10(3). https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244020941473

Rodrigues, I. B., Ioannidis, G., Kane, L., Hillier, L. M., McArthur, C., Adachi, J., ... & Papaioannou, A. (2024). The iCARE feasibility non-experimental design study: An integrated collection of education modules for fall and fracture prevention for healthcare providers in long term care. MedRxiv, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.03.22.24304705

Rubæk, M., Broholm-Jørgensen, M., Andersen, S., Jakobsen, P. R., Rothmann, M. J., Langdahl, B., Hitz, M. F., & Holmberg, T. (2024). Development of a program theory for osteoporosis patient education in Denmark: a qualitative study based on realist evaluation. BMC Geriatrics, 24(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-024-04957-8

Sahib M. N. (2018). Validation and assessment of osteoporosis self-efficacy among Iraqi general population. The Open Nursing Journal, 12, 76–85. https://doi.org/10.2174/1874434601812010076

Sayed-Hassan, R. M., & Bashour, H. N. (2013). The reliability of the Arabic version of Osteoporosis Knowledge Assessment Tool (OKAT) and the osteoporosis health belief scale (OHBS). BMC Research Notes, 6, 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1186/1756-0500-6-138

Shari, F. H. (2016). Effect of Atorvastatin on Bone biochemical markers in dyslipidemic patients, Basra, Iraq. Iraqi National Journal of Nursing Specialties, 29(1). https://doi.org/10.58897/injns.v29i1.242

Smeltzer, S. C., & Qi, B. B. (2014). Practical implications for nurses caring for patients being treated for osteoporosis. Nursing: Research and Reviews, 19-33. https://doi.org/10.2147/NRR.S36648

Wang, L., Xu, X., Zhang, Y., Hao, H., Chen, L., Su, T., ... & Ma, Y. (2016). A model of health education and management for osteoporosis prevention. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 12(6), 3797-3805. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2016.3822

Winzenberg, T. M., Oldenburg, B., Frendin, S., & Jones, G. (2003). The design of a valid and reliable questionnaire to measure osteoporosis knowledge in women: The Osteoporosis Knowledge Assessment Tool (OKAT). BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders, 4, 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2474-4-17

Yusuf, A. A., Cummings, S. R., Watts, N. B., Feudjo, M. T., Sprafka, J. M., Zhou, J., ... & Cooper, C. (2018). Real-world effectiveness of osteoporosis therapies for fracture reduction in post-menopausal women. Archives of Osteoporosis, 13, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11657-018-0439-3

Published

30-04-2025

How to Cite

Hussein, S. M. ., & Mohammed, T. R. . (2025). Osteoporosis Patients’ Knowledge Concerning Prevention Measures Related to Fractures, Baghdad, Iraq. The Malaysian Journal of Nursing (MJN), 16(4), 132-141. https://doi.org/10.31674/mjn.2025.v16i04.013

Metrics