Effect of Health Education Interventions on Knowledge, Attitudes and Behaviour of Women Experiencing Infertility
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31674/mjn.2025.v16i03.009Abstract
Background: Prevention and management of infertility are important issues in reproductive health services. The purpose of this study was to measure the effect of an educational model for primary infertile women. Methods: A quasi-experimental design and General Linear Model Repeated Measures (GLM-RM) test were used in a population of 80 couples at KRMT Wongsonegoro Hospital and 50 couples at Tugurejo Semarang Regional Hospital. The minimum sample size was 25 individuals, determined using the Lameshow formula and inclusion criteria. An additional 20% was added, resulting in 30 people in the intervention group, who participated in a module and direct practice for six weeks, and 30 individuals in the control group, who received general health information through a WhatsApp group for six weeks. Results: A significant increase in knowledge, attitude, and healthy behaviour was observed in post-test 2. Respondents’ knowledge in the intervention group increased by 2 points, attitude by 3 points, and healthy behaviour by 5 points with the health education programme carried out by healthcare professionals. Conclusion: There is an increase in knowledge, attitudes, and behaviour variables through this educational model, which is conducted effectively and in an engaging manner. The study suggested that providing this educational model for primary infertile women over an extended period strengthens its effectiveness.
Keywords:
Healthcare Services, Healthy Behaviour, Primary Infertility, Reproductive HealthDownloads
References
All Indonesian Hospital Association (2021). Program In Vitro pada infertilitas Pasangan Usia Subur [In Vitro Program on infertility of Childbearing Couples]. Retrieved from: https://validnews.id/kultura/peminat-bayi-tabung-di-indonesia-terus-meningkat. Accessed on 10th February, 2023.
Asazawa, K., Jitsuzaki, M., Mori, A., Ichikawa, T., Shinozaki, K., & Porter, S. E. (2019). Quality-of-life predictors for men undergoing infertility treatment in Japan. Japan Journal of Nursing Science, 16(3), 329–341. https://doi.org/10.1111/jjns.12248
Bayoumi, R. R., Koert, E., Van der Poel, S., & Boivin, J. (2021). Determining the need for fertility care and the acceptability and feasibility of administering a fertility awareness tool from the user’s perspective in a sample of Sudanese infertility patients. Reproductive Biomedicine & Society Online, 13, 85-97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rbms.2021.06.004
BKKBN.(2020). Menepis Infertilitas, Mendapatkan Anak Permata Hati Keluarga [Eliminate Infertility, Get a Child, the Jewel of the Family's Heart]. Retrieved from: https://digilib.bkkbnjateng.com/index.php?p=show_detail&id=15&keywords=. Accessed on 10th August, 2023.
Boedt, T.,Vanhove, A. C. Vercoe, M. A.,Matthys, C., Dancet, E., & Lie Fong, S. (2021). Preconception lifestyle advice for people with infertility. In Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 4. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD008189.pub3
Carson, S. A., & Kallen, A. N. (2021). Diagnosis and Management of Infertility: A Review. JAMA - Journal of the American Medical Association, 326(1), 65–76. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2021.4788
Chazan, L., & Kushnir, T. (2019). Losses and gains of psychosocial resources: effects on stress among women undergoing infertility treatments and participating in social network systems. Psychiatric Quarterly, 90(4), 717-732. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11126-019-09661-0
Chu, X., Geng, Y., Zhang, R., & Guo, W. (2021). Perceived social support and life satisfaction in infertile women undergoing treatment: A moderated mediation model. Frontiers in Psychology, 12(May), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.651612
Golshani, F., Hasanpour, S., Mirghafourvand, M., & Esmaeilpour, K. (2021). Effect of cognitive behavioral therapy-based counseling on perceived stress in pregnant women with history of primary infertility: A controlled randomized clinical trial. BMC Psychiatry, 21, 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-021-03283-2
Güneri, S. E., Kavlak, O., & Göker, E. N. T. (2019). Hope and hopelessness in infertile women: Phenomenological study. Current Approaches in Psychiatry/Psikiyatride Guncel Yaklasimlar, 11. https://doi.org/10.18863/pgy.530714
Ikemoto, Y., Kuroda, K., Endo, M., Tanaka, A., Sugiyama, R., Nakagawa, K., ... & Takeda, S. (2021). Analysis of severe psychological stressors in women during fertility treatment: Japan-Female Employment and Mental health in Assisted reproductive technology (J-FEMA) study. Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics, 304, 253-261. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00404-020-05923-6
Iordăchescu, D. A., Paica, C. I., Boca, A. E., Gică, C., Panaitescu, A. M., Peltecu, G., Veduță, A., & Gică, N. (2021). Anxiety, difficulties, and coping of infertile women. Healthcare (Switzerland), 9(4), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9040466
Jateng. (2022). Profil Kesehatan Jawa Tengah [Central Java Health Profile]. Retrieved from: https://jateng.bps.go.id/id/publication/2023/05/30/be07aa22ae941fcedfa8aeca/profil-kesehatan-provinsi-jawa-tengah-2022.html . Accessed on 18th August, 2023.
Lam, T. Q., Linh, T. T., & Thuy, L. B. (2021). The impact of social support on infertility-related stress: A study in the vietnamese context. Open Journal of Social Sciences, 9(12), 259-273. https://doi.org/10.4236/jss.2021.912017
Massarotti, C., Gentile, G., Ferreccio, C., Scaruffi, P., Remorgida, V., & Anserini, P. (2019). Impact of infertility and infertility treatments on quality of life and levels of anxiety and depression in women undergoing in vitro fertilization. Gynecological Endocrinology, 35(6). https://doi.org/10.1080/09513590.2018.1540575
Mena, G. P., Mielke, G. I., & Brown, W. J. (2019). The effect of physical activity on reproductive health outcomes in young women: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Human Reproduction Update, 25(5), 542–564. https://doi.org/10.1093/humupd/dmz013
Mishra, P., Pandey, C. M., Singh, U., Gupta, A., Sahu, C., & Keshri, A. (2019). Descriptive statistics and normality tests for statistical data. Annals of Cardiac Anaesthesia, 22(1), 67–72. https://doi.org/10.4103/aca.ACA_157_18
Mohamed, H. M., Badia, T. S., Khalaf, S. A., Abdullah, S. O., Farghaly, T. A., Fetih, A. N., & Aly, S. E. (2024). Effect of health education program on knowledge, stress, and satisfaction among infertile women undergoing in vitro fertilization injection. Middle East Fertility Society Journal, 29(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1186/s43043-023-00160-8
Mpono, E. P., Kobenge, F. M., Mengne, G. L., Belinga, E., Kasia, J. M., & Egbe, T. O. (2024). The support systems and coping strategies of infertile women attending the out-patient consultation unit of CHRACERH Yaoundé, Cameroon: A cross-sectional study. Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 14(6), 869-887. https://doi.org/10.4236/ojog.2024.146070
Ni, Y., Tong, C., Huang, L., Zhou, W., & Zhang, A. (2021). The analysis of fertility quality of life and the influencing factors of patients with repeated implantation failure. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes, 19, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12955-021-01666-3
Omani-Samani, R., Ghaheri, A., Navid, B., Sepidarkish, M., & Maroufizadeh, S. (2018). Prevalence of generalized anxiety disorder and its related factors among infertile patients in Iran: A cross-sectional study. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes, 16(1), 129. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12955-018-0956-1
Park, J., & Shin, N. (2021). Effect of an infertility counseling education program on education satisfaction and counseling competency of nurses. INQUIRY: The Journal of Health Care Organization, Provision, and Financing, 58. https://doi.org/10.1177/00469580211059997
Ruderman, R., Tate, M., Lin, E., Lee, J., Cai, S., Kassi, L. A., Yilmaz, B. D., & Boots, C. E. (2020). Resident perceptions of fertility care in the low resource setting: Preliminary data from the fertility passport program. Fertility and Sterility, 114(3), e196. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2020.08.556
Skvirsky, V., Taubman–Ben-Ari, O., Shlomo, S., Ben, Azuri, J., & Horowitz, E. (2018). Are mothers a source of support for women entering fertility treatment? Health Care for Women International, 39(7), 719–733. https://doi.org/10.1080/07399332.2018.1424170
Tripathy, D., Nayak, D., & Khosla, P. (2020). Psychosocial wellbeing among primary infertile womenattending infertility clinic. European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine, 7(11), 2020. Retrieved from: https://www.academia.edu/download/92772810/article_7262_c195e71f49ca79865d1a9cf45a0f6b05.pdf. Accessed on 18th March, 2023.
van Dammen, L., Bush, N. R., de Rooij, S., Mol, B. W., Mutsaerts, M., van Oers, A., ... & Roseboom, T. (2021). A lifestyle intervention randomized controlled trial in obese women with infertility improved body composition among those who experienced childhood adversity. Stress and Health, 37(1), 93-102. https://doi.org/10.1002/smi.2976
Wongsonegoro, R. K. (2022). Rekam Medik RS KRMT Wongsonegoro [KRMT Wongsonegoro Hospital Medical Records]. Retrieved from: https://sirs.kemkes.go.id/fo/home/profile_rs/3374342. Accessed on 20th August, 2023.
World Health Organization. (2021). Infertility prevalence estimates. Retrieved from: https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/978920068315. Accessed on 12th August, 2023.
Younis, J. S., Iskander, R., Fauser, B. C. J. M., & Izhaki, I. (2020). Does an association exist between menstrual cycle length within the normal range and ovarian reserve biomarkers during the reproductive years? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Human Reproduction Update, 26(6), 904-928. https://doi.org/10.1093/humupd/dmaa013
Yuan, Y., Yang, L., Hu, J., Deng, Y., & Zhang, H. (2024). Knowledge, attitude and practice on ovarian reserve function among women of childbearing age: a prospective cross-sectional study in chongqing and surrounding regions. BMJ Open, 14(3), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2023-080890
Zurlo, M. C., Cattaneo Della Volta, M. F., & Vallone, F. (2019). The association between stressful life events and perceived quality of life among women attending infertility treatments: The moderating role of coping strategies and perceived couple’s dyadic adjustment. BMC Public Health, 19, 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-019-7925-4
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 The Malaysian Journal of Nursing (MJN)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
