Creativity and Tourism: Four Creative Cities in Indonesia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31674/ijrtbt.2021.v07i03.006Abstract
As the global tourism sector continues to evolve, various regions are competing to attract tourists through different development strategies. Some regions aim to stand out by emphasizing their uniqueness and offering something distinct to visitors, while others attempt to replicate or adapt successful tourism models from other destinations. This study aims to examine the significance of creativity in tourism and the essential creative tools in tourism development strategies. To achieve this, a descriptive qualitative method with a content analysis approach is utilized, drawing on literature and online articles to identify best practices in developing tourism destinations with a focus on creativity. Additionally, several case studies of UNESCO creative cities in Indonesia, including Pekalongan, Ambon, Bandung, and Jakarta, are explored to analyze the key aspects of creative programming strategies in both rural and urban settings. The research findings highlight the importance of collaboration between the government and local communities to ensure the alignment of creative programs with tourism development strategies. It is also suggested to adopt strategies that enhance creativity and tourism by integrating available resources, cultural meanings, and local characteristics of each region. The creative cities in Indonesia serve as exemplary models for other regions to follow in implementing effective placemaking formulas for tourism destinations.
Keywords:
Creativity, Tourism, Creative City, Development StrategyDownloads
References
Anggoro, F. B. (15th March, 2022), Enjoying a music concert in the remote Tuni Hamlet in Ambon, creating a world music city. Between Maluku. https://ambon.antaranews.com/berita/120461/menikmati-konser-musik-di-dusun-tuni-yang-terpencil-di-ambon-wujudkan-kota-musik-dunia
Belloso, J. C. (2011). The city branding of Barcelona: A success story. In City Branding, 118–123. Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230294790_15
Castillo-Villar, F. R. (2016). Urban icons and city branding development. Journal of Place Management and Development, 9(3), 255–268. https://doi.org/10.1108/JPMD-03-2016-0013
Chan, A., Alexandri, M. B., & Tresna, P. W. (2019). Place Brand Experience of Bandung City as UNESCO’s Creative City Network in City Economy Development. Review of Integrative Business and Economics Research, 8, 225–238.
Cities of Design Network. (2021). Bandung UNESCO City of Design. Cities of Design Network. https://www.designcities.net/city/bandung/
Dipa, A. (4th May, 2018), Asia Africa Cultural Carnival. The Jakarta Post. https://www.thejakartapost.com/multimedia/2018/05/04/asia-africa-cultural-carnival.html
DPMPTSP Pekalongan City. (20th Jan, 2021,). Pekalongan "World's City of Batik". Investment and One-Stop Services Office of Pekalongan City.. https://dpmptsp.pekalongankota.go.id/index.php/id/kota-pekalongan/sekilas kotapekalongan/pekalongan-world-s-city-of-batik
Evans, G. (2009). Creative cities, creative spaces and urban policy. Urban Studies, 46(5–6), 1003–1040. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0042098009103853
Feming, T. (2021). Cultural Cities Profile East. Ambon, British Coulcil.
Florida, R. (2003). Cities and the creative class. City & Community, 2(1), 3–19.
Gadhawangi, S. (2021). Jakarta Siapkan Program sebagai Kota Sastra. Unesco Lıterasi. https://www.kompas.id/baca/dikbud/2021/12/28/jakarta-siapkan-program-sebagai-kota-sastra-unesco
Gathen, C., Skoglund, W., & Laven, D. (2020). The UNESCO creative cities network: A case study of city branding. International Symposium: New Metropolitan Perspectives, 727–737. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-48279-4_68
Habibi, Z. (2019). Book, craft and vintage suitcase: everyday media practice in creative collectives. Continuum. 34. 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1080/10304312.2019.1703901
Hidayati, U. (16th Nov, 2018), INDONESIANA: Opening Cultural Carnival of Amboina International Bamboo Music Festival. Indonesıan. https://kebudayaan.kemdikbud.go.id/bpnbmaluku/tag/amboina-international-music-bamboo-festival/
Howkins, J. (2002). The creative economy: How people make money from ideas. Penguin UK.
International Publishers Association (IPA). (2022). ‘Reading Matters: Embracing the Future’. International Publiser Congress. https://www.publisherscongress.com/this_home.php?un=1690010117
JakGo. (2021). Jakarta Kota Kolaborasi. Informasi Kolaborasi. https://jakarta.go.id/informasi-kolaborasi
Latest Moluccas (16th Oct, 2020), One Year Ambon City of Music, This Will Be Launched. Latest Moluccas. https://www.malukuterkini.com/10/16/satu-tahun-ambon-city-of-music-ini-yang-bakal-diluncurkan/
Pekalongan Batik Museum. (10th Jan, 2015), New Look of Batik Museum Room. Pekalongan Batik Museum. https://museumbatikpekalongan.info/?p=281
Landry, C. (2006). The Art of City Making, earthscan.
Li, P. Q., & Kovacs, J. F. (2021). Creative tourism and creative spectacles in China. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 49, 34–43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhtm.2021.08.023
Maitland, R. (2010). Everyday life as a creative experience in cities. International Journal of Culture, Tourism and Hospitality Research, 4(3), 176–185. https://doi.org/10.1108/17506181011067574
Mohamad, B., Adetunji, R. R., Alarifi, G., Ismail, A. R., & Akanmu, M. D. (2022). A visual identity-based approach of southeast asian city branding: A netnography analysis. Journal of Asean Studies (JAS) 10(1). https://doi.org/10.21512/jas.v10i1.7330
Montuori, A. (2011). Beyond postnormal times: The future of creativity and the creativity of the future. Futures, 43(2), 221-227. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.futures.2010.10.013
Nasrullah. (2019). Gerakan #RuangBacaJakarta. MRT Jakarta. https://jakartamrt.co.id/id/info-terkini/gerakan-ruangbacajakarta
Nugroho, P., Artiningsih, A., Tyas, W. P., & Asyifa, I. (2022). Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and the Emergence of Creative Cities in Indonesia: Comparative Studies from Pekalongan, Yogyakarta, and Surakarta During the Covid-19 Pandemic. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 1082(1), 012018. https://doi.org/DOI 10.1088/1755-1315/1082/1/012018
Okano, H., & Samson, D. (2010). Cultural urban branding and creative cities: A theoretical framework for promoting creativity in the public spaces. Cities, 27, 10–15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2010.03.005
Paramita, B. (2010). Batik Industry is one of Pekalongan Infrastructure Asset toward Creative City. Working Conference Paper.
Prayudi, P., Probosari, N., & Ardhanariswari, K. A. (2017). Analysis of the development of Bandung as creative city. International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, 8(9), 1025–1030.
Publıc Communıcatıon Team. (15th Oct, 2022), Portrait of the Festive Jagad Pekalongan Batik Carnival 2022. Pekalongan City Government. https://pekalongankota.go.id/berita/potret-kemeriahan-jagad-pekalongan-batik-carnival-2022-.html
Ratnasari, A. (2022). Ambon City Of Music: Program Dan Strategi Keberlanjutan Wisata Ambon Sebagai Kota Musik Dunia. Jurnal British, 2(2), 44–55.
Richards, G. (2011). Creativity and tourism: The state of the art. Annals of Tourism Research, 38(4), 1225–1253. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2011.07.008
Richards, G. (2014). Creativity and tourism in the city. Current Issues in Tourism, 17(2), 119–144. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2013.783794
Richards, G. (2020). Designing creative places: The role of creative tourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 85, 102922. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2020.102922
Richards, G., & Wilson, J. (2006). Developing creativity in tourist experiences: A solution to the serial reproduction of culture? Tourism Management, 27(6), 1209–1223. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2005.06.002
Sacco, P. L. (2011). Culture 3.0: A new perspective for the EU 2014-2020 structural funds programming. EENC Paper.
Setianti, Y., Dida, S., & Putri, N. P. C. U. (2018). City branding of denpasar city as a creative city through the denpasar festival event. Proceedings of MICoMS 2017.
Simonton, D. K. (2000). Creativity: Cognitive, personal, developmental, and social aspects. American Psychologist, 55(1), 151–158. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.55.1.151
Tan, S. K., Kung, S. F., & Luh, D. B. (2013). A model of ‘creative experience’in creative tourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 41, 153–174. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2012.12.002
Tobing, C. J. (8th July, 2022), The New Face of Perpustakaan Jakarta Cikini. MANUAL. https://manual.co.id/article/perpustakaan-jakarta-cikini-tim/
Tunas, D., Cairns, S., Drillet, Z., & Darmoyono, L. (2019). From Smart To Responsıve Urban Systems: Supplementıng Socıal Infrastructure In Kampungs (ISOCARP REVIEW 15).
Turok, I. (2009). The Distinctive City: Pitfalls in the Pursuit of Differential Advantage. Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space, 41(1), 13–30. https://doi.org/10.1068/a37379
UCCN. (2004). Creative Cıties Network. Unesco Creative Cities Network. https://en.unesco.org/creative-cities/
World Tourism Organization (2018), Tourism and Culture Synergies, UNWTO, Madrid, https://doi.org/10.18111/9789284418978
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 International Journal on Recent Trends in Business and Tourism (IJRTBT)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
