“Phytochemicals in Diabetic Neuropathy: From Traditional Remedies to Modern Science”

Abstract

Diabetic neuropathy is one of the most prevalent and serious consequences of diabetes, characterized by chronic discomfort, sensory loss, and gradual nerve damage. Current pharmacological treatments give symptomatic relief but do not address underlying causes such as oxidative stress, inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and advanced glycation end-product build-up. Phytochemicals are gaining popularity as viable therapeutic agents due to their varied bioactivities, which include antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and glucose-modulating properties. Traditional systems such as Ayurveda, Traditional Chinese Medicine, and Unani have long used herbal formulations including turmeric, ginseng, fenugreek, and ashwagandha for nerve-related illnesses, and modern research has begun verifying these therapies through preclinical and clinical trials. Curcumin, resveratrol, ginsenosides, and alkaloids are examples of phytochemicals with neuroprotective properties. They improve nerve conduction, modulate oxidative stress, and promote neuronal regeneration. Experiments show that they can minimize oxidative and inflammatory damage, improve mitochondrial function, and control neurotrophic factors. However, clinical applicability is still limited due to difficulties such as low bioavailability, a lack of uniformity, and insufficient large-scale investigations. To address these limitations, researchers are investigating advances in nanotechnology-based delivery methods, herbal-drug combination tactics, and customized treatment approaches. Overall, phytochemicals serve as a bridge between traditional treatments and current science, providing multi-targeted techniques that may supplement or enhance existing therapies. These plant-derived chemicals have tremendous potential for safer, more effective, and long-term diabetic neuropathy care since they address both symptomatic alleviation and disease change.