Effectiveness of a Self-Empowerment Intervention Based on the Successful Aging Framework in Enhancing Self-Efficacy Among Older Adults at the Belimbing Primary Health Center, Padang City, Indonesia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31674/ijbb.2025.v03i02.002Abstract
Background: The accelerating global aging trend has intensified psychosocial challenges among older adults, among which declining self-efficacy is a well-established predictor of deteriorating self-care capability and diminished quality of life. However, primary healthcare services in developing countries such as Indonesia rarely provide structured, brief psychosocial interventions capable of addressing this problem within routine community-based elderly care. Baseline data from the Belimbing Primary Health Center (Puskesmas), Padang City, revealed that 61.4% of registered older adults exhibited low self-efficacy levels, while the existing Posyandu Lansia program remained focused predominantly on physical health screening, underscoring an urgent service gap and the need for a feasible, structured psychosocial intervention.
Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a self-empowerment intervention grounded in the successful aging framework on self-efficacy among older adults at the Belimbing Primary Health Center, Padang City, Indonesia.
Methods: A quasi-experimental study employing a one-group pretest-posttest design was conducted among 34 older adults, recruited via purposive sampling with allowance for an anticipated 10% dropout rate. Self-efficacy was assessed using the General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSE-10; score range 10-40). The intervention consisted of four structured psychoeducation sessions delivered over two weeks. Data were analyzed using the paired sample t-test (alpha = 0.05).
Results: The mean GSE-10 score improved significantly from 24.1 (SD = 4.5) at pretest to 30.6 (SD = 3.8) at posttest, representing an absolute gain of 6.5 points. The paired t-test confirmed a statistically significant difference (t(33) = -7.84; p < 0.001), with a large effect size (Cohen's d = 1.56). Statistical power analysis yielded a power of 0.99.
Conclusion: The self-empowerment intervention based on successful aging produced a statistically significant and large improvement in self-efficacy among older adults in a primary healthcare setting. As this was a single-group, non-controlled design, these findings should be regarded as preliminary and hypothesis-generating; nonetheless, this brief, structured model holds promise for integration into existing Posyandu Lansia (community elderly health post) programs and warrants confirmation through randomized controlled trials.
Keywords:
self-empowerment; successful aging; self-efficacy; older adults; primary health care; psychosocial intervention; IndonesiaReferences
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