The Malaysian Journal of Nursing (MJN)

Message from the Editor in Chief

Prof. Datuk Dr. Hjh. Bibi Florina Abdullah — 2024-09-03

As the healthcare industry rapidly evolves, nursing continues to be at the forefront, effortlessly integrating compassion with innovation. The Malaysian Journal of Nursing (MJN) focusses on how new technologies, like online medical care and electronic health records, are transforming our practice and enhancing patient outcomes. These developments offer chances to improve patient care and optimise processes. At the same time, holistic care and effective nursing leadership continue to be essential. The foundation of this profession is emphasised by focusing on treatment of every patient, considering their physical, emotional, and psychological requirements. Embracing lifelong learning and continuous professional development ensures that we stay ahead of industry shifts and uphold the highest standards of care. Nurses stay updated with innovations while maintaining compassion in their practice, fostering the growth of nursing through knowledge and understanding for the future.

In conclusion, the future of nursing is both exciting and challenging. As we embrace technological advancements, collaborate across disciplines, focus on preventive care, expand advanced practice roles, address mental health needs, and prioritize education, nurses will continue to be pivotal in shaping the future of healthcare. The nursing profession will not only meet the demands of an evolving healthcare landscape but also drive positive change for patients and communities worldwide. The journey ahead promises opportunities for growth and innovation. As we move forward, let us remain dedicated to advancing our profession, upholding excellence in patient care, and ultimately enhancing the health and well-being of the communities we serve.

Experiences of Non-Nursing College Students in Accessing Health Information Online

Jessica B. Orias — 2024-07-25

Background: With the rapid growth of information and communication technology, the Internet has become a prevalent platform for seeking health information globally, with the Philippines ranking 10^th in Internet usage. Hence, understanding the experiences of college students in accessing and evaluating such information is crucial. Objective: This study aimed to explore the lived experience of non-nursing college students with their health information-seeking behaviour and perceptions of source credibility on the internet. Methods: This study used a qualitative research design utilizing a phenomenological approach. Semi-structured interviews were used with sixteen (16) non-nursing participants through a purposive sampling technique. Colaizzi's method was employed for data analysis with the aid of in vivo software. Results: The following were the emergent themes: (1) experiences and behaviours related to seeking health information online; (2) challenges and preferences in seeking health information online; (3) the impact of online health information on healthcare decisions; and (4) the credibility of online health information sources. Conclusion: The study's findings highlight the convenience, accessibility, and cost-effectiveness of online platforms as significant factors driving the use of the Internet for health information among non-nursing college students. However, they face challenges like information overload, conflicting sources, accuracy concerns, technical language barriers, and the risks of self-diagnosis. Hence, the study emphasised the need to enhance information filtering, promote information literacy, ensure localised information, and improve accessibility and clarity.

Pattern and Incidence of Covid-19 Vaccine Reactions among Adult Clients in a Tertiary Health Facility in a North-Central State of Nigeria

Bilqis Wuraola Alatishe-Muhammad — 2024-07-25

Introduction: As a result of the rapid development and approval of the COVID-19 vaccine during the pandemic, there was serious misinformation about the safety of the COVID-19 vaccine. Providing evidence-based proof of the safety of the COVID-19 vaccine could dispel this scepticism. The study aimed to assess the pattern and incidence of COVID-19 vaccine reactions among adult clients in a tertiary health facility following immunization. Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted in a tertiary care institute among recipients of the first dose of the of the COVID-19 vaccine between April and July 2021. Study populations were adults above 18 years. Participants were assessed for any reactions four times. Immediately after vaccination and later, same day one, day 2, day 3, and on/after day 7. A telephone interview was conducted, and the recipients were assessed according to the time and type of reactions, actions taken following reactions, and severe forms of reactions. Results: A total of 1535 participants were assessed post-COVID-19 vaccination reactions, and 805 (52.4%) reported at least one of the COVID-19 vaccine reactions following vaccination, and less than a percent reported perceived severe adverse reactions. Pain at the injection site (5.0%), myalgia (2.8%), and headache (1.6%) were the common adverse events reported immediately after vaccination. The majority of the respondents (93.4%) were willing to take the second dose of the of the COVID-19 vaccine. The major factor associated with COVID-19 vaccine reactions following vaccination was the age group. Conclusion: Many people still experience a certain type of discomfort after vaccinations; this discomfort is often mild to moderate and is more prevalent in young adults. Most of the reactions resolve after a few days without intervention.

The Relationship between Quality of Sleep with Hypertension Rate in among Elderly

R. Bayu Kusumah — 2024-07-25

Background: The quality of sleep is a crucial determinant of overall health and well-being, particularly among the elderly population. A person who has reached the age of 60 is considered to be elderly. One of Indonesia's indices of human development is the increase in life expectancy. Several factors, including irregular sleep, a lack of exercise, and stress, contribute to the recurrence of hypertension in the elderly with elevated blood pressure symptoms. Hypertension is an increase in blood pressure in the arteries. Hyper means excessive pressure or tension. Hypertension is a blood pressure or heart rate that is higher than normal because of narrowing arteries or other disorders. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between sleep quality and the recurrence rate of hypertension in the elderly. Methods: The research design is correlational, using cross-sectional methods. The study randomly selected 83 participants from the population of all hypertension patients in the working area of the Jampangkulon Health Centre in the Sukabumi Regency. The univariate and bivariate data analyses employed the chi-square test. Results: The results showed that the P value of 0.000, which means <0.05, indicates a relationship between sleep quality and the recurrence rate of hypertension in the elderly in the working area of the Jampangkulon Health Centre, Sukabumi Regency. Conclusion: The study results indicate that there is a relationship between sleep quality and the rate of recurrence of hypertension in the elderly. The present study will help elderly individuals who experience recurrences of hypertension to maintain and improve their healthcare to achieve optimal health.

The Quality of Parent-Child Interaction and Its Impact on Juvenile Delinquency at Kartika X-2 Vocational School in South Jakarta, Indonesia

Ratumas Ratih Puspita — 2024-07-25

Background: Recent data in the Indonesian Child Protection Commission (KPAI) reported an increase in juvenile delinquency cases in Indonesia over recent years. Interviews conducted in Jakarta revealed that a significant portion of students admitted to behaviors such as being absent from class, sleeping during class time, and participating in school fights. Additionally, many students indicated that they do not seek advice or discuss issues that occur both in and out of school, with their parents when facing problems, while a smaller portion reported the opposite. Objective: The present study aims to determine the relationship between the quality of parent-child interactions in the family and the tendency for juvenile delinquency among students at Kartika X-2 Vocational School in South Jakarta. Methods: This study employed a quantitative, cross-sectional research design. The sample in this study consisted of 92 respondents from classes I and II at Kartika X-2 Vocational School in South Jakarta. The study participants were selected using a non-probability sampling technique with the quota sampling method. Results: The statistical tests using the Pearson's Product Moment test obtained a correlation value of 0.543 with a significant value of 0.000 < 0.05. This shows that there is a significant relationship between the correlation results of parent-child interactions in the family and the tendency for juvenile delinquency. Conclusion: There is a relationship between the quality of parents and children in the family and the tendency for juvenile delinquency among students. Nurses should develop more strategies for providing parental education, as parental control and supervision are crucial factors in raising children effectively.

The Effectiveness of an Automated Audio System for Health Education Tool on Dengue Fever Prevention Knowledge Using the "3M+" Strategy

Ain Nurachman — 2024-07-25

Background: The Indonesian Ministry of Health has been providing community counselling on dengue fever prevention. Knowledge is crucial for habit change, making dengue fever counselling vital. To enhance direct knowledge delivery to residents, an updated counselling method using an automated audio system is needed. Additionally, assessing the effectiveness of this automated audio system in promoting dengue fever prevention with the 3M+ strategy is essential. Methods: This study employed a pre- and post-test experimental design. Results: The significance value of 0.012, which is less than 0.05, indicates that there was a positive difference in dengue prevention knowledge before and after treatment with an automated audio system tool. Conclusion: Before and after treatment, there was a significant difference in knowledge about dengue fever prevention. Finally, this tool can be used to increase the level of knowledge of each respondent as well as to prevent other diseases. Implementing automated audio for dengue education among community nurses offers cost-effective, scalable dissemination of customized content. It enhances comprehension and retention and empowers healthcare providers, yielding favorable public health outcomes.

Characteristics and Status of Treatment for Multi-Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis (MDRTB) Patients in a TB-DOTS Centre in the Province of Jolo, Sulu, Philippines

Mardalyne M. Salve — 2024-07-25

Background: The study focuses on the characteristics and status of treatment for multi-drug-resistant tuberculosis (MDRTB) at the TB-DOTS Centres of Jolo Sulu from 2018 to 2019. Objective: The study's primary goal is to describe and investigate MDRTB treatment characteristics and status, as well as identify factors that influence treatment. Methods: A mixed-methods research design through an explanatory sequential approach was used. The quantitative approach employed data mining of existing and available data records of MDR-TB clients at respective health centres at Jolo and Sulu and tools assessing factors influencing treatment. The qualitative approach was done through interviews with the MDR-TB clients, and total remuneration and purposive sampling were applied in selecting participants. The data gathered were presented using frequency and percentage distribution and processed using SPSS v.21, and themes and subthemes were extracted and analyzed using In-Vivo qualitative software. Results: MDR-TB clients were mostly mid-adults and heads of families, with a treatment history focusing more on pulmonary relapse (the first line of defense) and poor treatment outcomes. The factors that influenced treatment were financial constraints, lack of knowledge, distance, transportation, and work. Themes derived include contagious yet treatable disease, challenging family socio-economic status, role justification, and treatment centres as havens. Conclusion: The study highlights the need for a comprehensive assessment of the status of the health condition of TB clients and patients enrolled at the TB-DOTS centre of Jolo Sulu. Nursing plays a vital role in managing and treating TB in these areas. The findings suggest that financial constraints, lack of knowledge, and access to treatment are significant barriers to MDRTB treatment. The study emphasizes the need for interventions to improve TB treatment outcomes and reduce the burden of MDRTB in the community.

The Relationship between Eating Attitudes, Body Image Appreciation and their Impact on Self-Esteem among Youth Community in Muar, Malaysia

Nur Fatin Zulaikha Mohd Razman — 2024-07-25

Introduction: Self-esteem is a major determinant of an individual's body image. Self-esteem issues can lead to inferior body images, which in turn increase the risk of disordered eating. This study will fill a gap in the relationship between eating attitudes, body image appreciation, and their impact on self-esteem among the Muar youth population. Objective: The study aimed to examine the relationship between eating attitudes and body image appreciation and self-esteem among the youth community in Muar. Methods: The study used a cross-sectional study design. A sample of 384 youths aged 18 to 35 years old was selected using a convenience sampling method. An online survey with bilingual questions in Malay and English was distributed for data collection. The study consisted of four sections: demographic data, the Eating Attitudes Test-26 (EAT-26), the Body Appreciation Scale-2 (BAS-2), and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES). Results: The results indicated that the Muar youth community had good eating attitudes (14.27 ± 12.92), moderately good body self-appreciation (36.70 ± 8.40), and a moderate self-esteem score (17.32 ± 4.40). The regression results proved there was a significant relationship between eating attitudes and body self-appreciation towards self-esteem (p < 0.05), in which oral control and body appreciation were the predictors for self-esteem. Conclusion: The findings contributed to new knowledge regarding the pattern of eating attitudes and body image appreciation, as well as providing an understanding of self-esteem. The relationship showed that the reduction of oral control attitudes and the rise in body image appreciation would have an impact on improving self-esteem.

Social Support Moderates the Impact of Stress and Role Conflict on Life Satisfaction among Malaysian Nurses

Meguellati Achour — 2024-07-25

Objective: This study examined the influence of role conflict and job stress on life satisfaction among nursing staff in Malaysian healthcare institutions, with social support as a moderator. Methods: To achieve the objectives of this study, the researchers prepared a questionnaire to collect the requisite data. The researchers sampled three hundred and thirty-five (335) nurses selected randomly from Malaysian healthcare institutions. Results: The findings reveal that social support plays an important moderating role between nurses’ job stress and life satisfaction. Conclusion: Nursing staff requires greater flexibility and support from friends, supervisors, and family to reduce stress levels and balance roles.

Uncovering the Multifaceted Influences on Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus Incidence in Public Health Centre, Indonesia

Winanda Rizki Bagus Santosa — 2024-07-25

Background: Type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is an emergency disease that often occurs. Lack of knowledge, poor management of self-care, and stress are different factors that promote an increase in blood sugar levels. The objective of this study is to determine the contributing factors between self-care, knowledge, and stress related to the incidence of T2DM in the Public Health Center, Indonesia. Methods: This research used a correlational design with a cross-sectional approach during the period of July 3rd–August 3rd, 2023. Samples were chosen from 92 respondents with G Power correlation test. The research was conducted at the Public Health Center in Kediri City, Indonesia. The technique used in sample selection was purposive sampling based on inclusion criteria, namely T2DM patients aged 36–65 years, able to read and write, and willing to be the respondents in this study. The instruments used are three factorials developed by researchers, which include self-care, knowledge, and stress. The content validity index of the research instrument was validated and assessed by five experts. Bivariate analysis of the Spearman statistical test. Results: The statistical test shows a significant value for all of the variables, with P-value = 0.000 and Rho = 0.631 for self-care management, P-value = 0.012 and Rho = 0.305 for knowledge, and P-value = 0.023 and Rho = 0.187 for stress factor. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that self-care management, knowledge, and stress have significantly affected the incidence of T2DM.

Knowledge and Attitude towards Contraceptive Use among Female University Students in a Higher Institution in Northern Mindanao, Philippines

Reya Seno — 2024-07-25

Background: The rate of unwanted pregnancies among university students is increasing each year, despite extensive public awareness of and access to contraceptives. The study is centered on women since, historically, when it comes to contraception, women have borne a disproportionate share of the burden, and if birth control fails to work, their bodies will be the ones to bear the consequences. Objective: The objective of this study is to assess the knowledge and attitude of female undergraduate students of a higher institution in Northern Mindanao, Philippines, towards contraceptive use. The results of the study may be utilized as a guide to formulate effective health education strategies for university health nurses for this vulnerable population. Methods: A quantitative correlational design was used in this study, which utilized Google Forms to collect data from four hundred fourteen (414) respondents selected through purposive sampling at a higher education institution. The researchers utilized a researcher-made questionnaire to assess general awareness, knowledge, and attitude toward contraceptive use. Results: The study revealed that most of the respondents are generally aware of the proper usage of contraceptives, highly knowledgeable, and have a positive attitude towards contraceptive use. Most of the respondents obtained this knowledge from media sources. Apart from the relationship status, other demographic factors have no significant correlation with the knowledge and attitude towards contraception of the respondents. Notably, results show that there is a significant relationship between knowledge and attitude towards contraceptive use among undergraduate female students. Conclusion: The research indicates that a knowledge-rich community can have an impact on attitudes toward contraceptive use. The researchers recommend extensive and comprehensive sexual education programs in academic institutions to address this reproductive health concern among university students.

Assessing Social Barriers to Healthy Lifestyle Practices in Hypertensive Idoma Communities in Nigeria for Identifying Nursing Intervention Needs with Step 1 of Intervention Mapping

Daniel Cletus Okpe — 2024-07-25

Background: There is a paucity of knowledge and awareness regarding the variables that act as social barriers to healthy lifestyles and self-care behaviors among hypertension patients in the proposed study population. Hence, the objective of the study was to determine social lifestyle factors acting as barriers to the eleven (11) healthy lifestyle practices amongst individuals with high blood pressure (BP) in communities of the Idoma tribe, Benue State. Methods: A mixed-methods design was used for the study. Questionnaires and focus group discussions were used to elicit information from 1000 respondents. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and percentages, while thematic analysis was used for qualitative information. Results: Age, stress, forgetfulness, a lack of support, the high cost of medications, a lack of resources, a lack of self-motivation, a lack of time, social factors, and a fear of social isolation were among the major barriers to adherence to healthy lifestyles. Understanding these barriers is important for nurses to assist patients in overcoming these obstacles by offering focused assistance. Conclusion: The study has revealed social lifestyle barriers to hypertension in these communities.

Knowledge about Type 1 Diabetes in Children among Nursing Students of the University of Mosul, Iraq

Rian Mahmood Ibrahim — 2024-07-25

Background: A metabolic condition known as diabetes mellitus (DM) is defined by a shortfall in insulin secretion or activity, which leads to hyperglycemia. Type I, type II, and gestational diabetes are the three main subtypes of diabetes mellitus. Objective: To determine the knowledge of nurses’ students about type 1 diabetes in children. Methods: A descriptive study was conducted to evaluate the nursing students at the University of Mosul's understanding of diabetes type 1 in children. The student's information was gathered between January 2, 2023, and January 15, 2023. A total of 152 samples were collected during the research. Data was collected using a questionnaire constructed based on previous studies and related to the literature, which consisted of 22 questions. Data were entered and analyzed using the statistics program. Results: The knowledge of the students at the College of Nursing was relatively good, but not at a high level; the educational level of 152 students was “79.6%” acceptable, “18.4%” good, and “1.9%” poor. In the present study, the males and females were approximately equal. Conclusion: The students' knowledge of the signs and symptoms was good, indicating that they are well-informed about diabetes and motivated to explore ways to reduce the disease as well as treatment

Family Experiences in Caring for People with Schizophrenia: A Qualitative Study

Dewi Wulandari — 2024-09-03

Background: Schizophrenia is a chronic mental disorder that leads to significant suffering and the inability to maintain relationships with family members. Families have had meaningful experiences during their care, as this mental disorder requires long-term care and increases the burden on the family. This family's role is crucial to the healing process for people with schizophrenia. The purpose of this study is to describe family experiences with schizophrenia treatment. Methods: This study is qualitative descriptive research. Participants were divided into three family groups, each consisting of 4 to 8 people, with a total of 16 families participating. The participant-taking technique used is purposive sampling. Researchers collect data through focus group discussions (FGD). Researchers employ framework analysis as a data analysis technique. Results: The research found five themes: negative emotions, positive emotions, family burdens, stigma, and coping strategies. Families can experience negative emotions of anger, frustration, and fear when treating people with schizophrenia. The family also feels positive emotions of hope, patience, and gratitude. Long-term care and high dependence increase the burden on the family. There's still family stigma and public stigma. As time passed, the family developed a coping strategy to adapt to the existing stressors. Conclusion: The family has valuable experience in providing care to people with schizophrenia. Nurses need to provide family intervention to deal with the stress and stigma perceived by the family.

Investigating the Perspectives of Millennial and Gen Z Nurses on Quiet Quitting in Marawi City, Lanao del Sur, Philippines

Almirrah Abdullah — 2024-09-03

Background: Quiet quitting, the act of meeting job requirements without striving for overachievement, remains understudied in healthcare contexts. Objective: This research explores how millennial and Gen Z nurses perceive quiet quitting and identifies factors contributing to it in a hospital setting, particularly among healthcare workers in Marawi City, Lanao del Sur, Philippines. Methods: The study surveyed 214 registered nurses employed in Amai Pakpak public hospital in Marawi City, Lanao del Sur. The study employed a mixed-methods approach, starting with qualitative interviews with (5) five chosen nurses to develop themes for a subsequent quantitative survey. Trustworthiness was ensured through member checks, multiple data sources, saturation, and validity and reliability measures. Quantitative analysis primarily utilized descriptive statistics using SPSS software. Results: Qualitative analysis revealed six prominent themes: Lack of Management Support, Workplace Environment and Pressure Response, Poor Work-Life Balance, Inadequate Compensation, Security of Tenure, and Motivations and Determinants of Nurse Retention. With a weighted mean of 3.502, the quantitative findings found a high level of quiet quitting among Gen Z and young millennial nurses. Factors such as poor management, workload disparities, and toxic organizational culture significantly contribute to this trend, highlighting the importance of addressing these issues to retain nurses and enhance their job satisfaction and well-being. Conclusion: The factors contributing to quiet quitting among Gen Z and young millennial nurses align with the themes identified in the qualitative part of the study. The quantitative results confirm the qualitative findings related to poor management issues, disruption of work-life balance, and toxic organizational culture as major factors influencing quiet quitting among nurses in healthcare organizations.

Relationship between Cigarette Smoking and Anxiety Level among Nurses

Mohanad Jamal Asad — 2024-09-03

Background: This study aims to determine whether cigarette smoking and anxiety degrees are related among nurses. Methods: A correlation design study was conducted at Baquba Teaching Hospital in Diyala Governorate, and the study period extended from September 10^th, 2023, to January 28^th, 2024. A nonprobability purposive sample was used to include 200 nurses working at Baquba Teaching Hospital, Iraq. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire from January 10^th to February 7^th, 2024. There were two components to the study instruments. Initially, the demographic sheet contained the individuals' sociodemographic data. The Taylor manifest anxiety scale is included in the second section. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS version 26. Results: Findings of the current study showed that 47.5% of nurses had a moderate level of anxiety, while 35.5% experienced a small level of anxiety, and 17.0% suffered from a severe level of anxiety regarding smoking cigarettes. The nonparametric correlation analysis (Spearman's rho) carried out to examine the relationship between cigarette smoking and anxiety levels among nurses yielded a significant correlation coefficient of 0.01 (p > 0.05). The findings revealed a strong and positive correlation between all aspects related to cigarette smoking and anxiety levels. Conclusion: According to the results of the present study, it concluded that nurses reported moderate levels of anxiety, and it was displayed that there was a relationship between nurses' anxiety levels and cigarette smoking depending on their age groups and length of hospital employment. Recommendation: It is recommended that training and educational programs be implemented to cultivate a suitable health promotion culture among nurses, thereby enabling them to offer more effective support to patients who smoke.

Effect of Educational Program on Nurses' Skill Regarding Electrocardiogram Interpretation in Critical Care Units : A Quasi-Experimental Study

Zhian Salah Jalal — 2024-09-03

Background: Electrocardiograms non-invasively assess cardiac rhythm and electrical activity. It was the first heart disease diagnosis tool that helped reduce heart disease morbidity and death. ECGs are monitored and interpreted by nurses. The study aimed to determine the effectiveness of an educational program on nurses' skills regarding electrocardiogram interpretation among critical care nurses. Methods: A quasi-experimental study was conducted on 68 nurses as a non-probability purposive sample working in critical care units at Azadi Teaching Hospital, Kirkuk City, Iraq. This study starts from 20th October 2023 to April 10, 2024. The study tool consists of two parts. Part I is concerned with nurses` socio-demographic characteristics, and Part II (the structured skill questionnaire) was developed by the researcher after reviewing the literature. For validity, the previous study restated topics and submitted them to 12 experts from various specialists. The education program was implemented with group teaching technique-based sessions, and hands-on training was provided. The collected data were analysed using SPSS version 26.0. Results: The results showed that most participants (73.5%) were aged between 24 and 28 years old and were female with 1-3 years of experience. Only 14.7% of participants had taken previous ECG training courses. Also, it showed that there is a high significant difference (Z = -7.153) at P<0.01 between nurses' total skills pre-test and post-test responses and found that nurses in CCU had high skills compared to other units. Conclusion: The overall level of nurses' skills in electrocardiography interpretation is low in the pre-test after implementation of the education program enhances their skills with high statistical significance. The study's findings prove that structured educational programs enhance nurses' skillfulness in ECG interpretation.

The Influence of Group Therapeutic Intervention on the Enhancement of Emotional and Psychosocial Development in Adolescents

Eni Hidayati — 2024-09-03

Introduction: Adolescence signifies the progression from adolescence to maturity. An adult's personality may be afflicted with social anxiety disorder because of developmental failure. Group therapy for therapeutic purposes is one method of resolving this. The objective of this study is to ascertain the impact of therapeutic group therapy on the enhancement of adolescents' psychosocial and emotional development. Develop a quasi-experimental design employing a control group methodology of pre-test-post-test. Methods: The research sample comprised 326 individuals who satisfied the inclusion criteria: they were adolescents who were enrolled in school and were willing to participate as respondents. Criteria for exclusion: minors who decline to participate as respondents. The paired t-test is utilized for univariate analysis in research data analysis. Results: There was a significant difference in psychosocial development scores before and following therapeutic group therapy (p-value = 0.000), and in emotional development scores before and following therapeutic group therapy (p = 0.000), according to the study's findings. By implementing therapeutic group therapy with adolescents, nurses can enhance the standard of mental health nursing care. Conclusion: Therapeutic group therapy has the potential to enhance adolescents' psychosocial and emotional development.

Facilitators and Barriers for Advocacy among Nurses - A Cross-Sectional Study

Lizy Sonia Benjamin — 2024-09-03

Background: Nurses serve as patient advocates by protecting their autonomy, representing their interests, and promoting social justice in healthcare delivery. Healthcare advocacy has embraced a crucial role for nurses, but its extent is often limited in practice. Patient advocacy has not been completely clear. Objective: This study aimed to assess the facilitators and barriers to advocacy among nurses at selected tertiary care hospitals in India. Design: A descriptive study was conducted in tertiary care hospitals. Methods: A purposive sample of 150 nurses was recruited, and data was collected using the Modified Hans Protective Nursing Advocacy Scale (HPNAS) directly by the self-report method. The data were analyzed using SPSS, version 24. Results: The majority of nurses had mean facilitator scores of advocacy among nurses of 12.79, and the mean barrier score was 9.45. The item-wise facilitators of nursing advocacy that showed above 50% were communication skills (81%), problem-solving skills (69%), and the readiness of the nurses for patient care (60%). The item-wise barriers to nursing advocacy depicted were a risk to their job (81%), poor team coordination and cooperation (79%), and poor self-image (69%). Lack of job satisfaction, burnout, lack of time, and lack of confidence showed up equally (63%). There was no significant difference in the mean scores of nursing advocacy between male and female nurses, whereas there was a statistical association between advocacy facilitators scores and age and area of work and barrier scores with the gender of nurses. Conclusion: Nurses must be empowered by providing opportunities for them to speak up and break down barriers. Recommendations: The focus should be on coordinating institutional, national, and international efforts in order to conduct various nursing leadership and professional development programs, contributing effectively upholding and improving the nursing profile and status.

Comparative Analysis of Work-Life of Nurses in Private and Public Hospitals in Makurdi, Nigeria

Aniekwe Louisa Ngozi — 2024-09-03

Introduction: This study focused on the comparative analysis of the work life of nurses in private and public hospitals in Makurdi metropolis. The study's significance lies in the information generated about the differences in work life and conditions of service for nurses between private and public hospitals, with a particular reference to Makurdi, Nigeria.
Methods: Data was collected using a cross-sectional descriptive survey design and a simple random sampling approach from a total of 69 nurses. The structured questionnaire was employed as a tool for data collection. Results: Participants were 3 (4.3%) males and 65 (94.2%) females. Their mean age was 41.09 years (std. deviation = 9.65). The results showed that nurses' work experience in private and public hospitals in Makurdi municipality is similar in terms of their work life and workload. Conclusion: The condition of services for nurses in public hospitals, as represented by their remuneration, is superior to that of nurses in the private sector. Public hospital nurses have better job motivation and job performance than their colleagues in private hospitals, but not job satisfaction. One such factor that requires policy intervention is the disparity in competence, workload, and working conditions between nurses in public hospitals and those in the public. It was concluded that nurses in public hospitals differ from their counterparts in some salient variables. Recommendation: The management of private hospitals should enhance the service conditions for their nurses to match those of their public hospital counterparts.

Usability and Feasibility of the Smart Aged-Care Helper Application for Caregivers of Dependent Elderly Individuals in Suphan Buri, Thailand

Orranuch Chusri — 2024-07-25

Background: It is widely acknowledged that the engagement of family caregivers and older adults with dependence is important for primary health care centres. Objective: This study will examine the feasibility and usability of the “Ageing Screening Health” application for caregivers of dependent older adults. Methods: The "Aging Screening Health" application was evaluated in two dimensions. Seven experts evaluated the technical quality in the first dimension, while 25 end users evaluated the level of satisfaction in the second dimension. The sample was selected by purposive sampling and consisted of caregivers of older adults in Song Phi Nong District, Suphan Buri Province, Thailand. The research instruments were the “Screening Ageing Health” application, the Applications Capabilities Questionnaire, and the questionnaire on satisfaction of end users. Data analysis was conducted using means and standard deviations. Results: The quality of the "Screening Ageing Health" application for caregivers of older adults with dependence was very good, with a mean score of 96.57 (SD= 3.31), and the users' satisfaction levels were also good, with a mean score of 90.24 (SD= 4.73). Conclusion: The ASH application demonstrated good overall usability and satisfaction, effectively managing health promotion plans to meet the health needs of the elderly in the community. However, village health volunteers with limited health literacy due to cognitive impairment require active planning for future brain training and stimulation.

Experiences of Nurses in Providing Care for Patients on the Cancer Journey: A Cross-Sectional Survey

Ali Hussein Alek Al-Ganmi — 2024-09-03

Background: The interaction between nursing care and cancer patients is beneficial for patients' health outcomes, as they successfully manage and live with cancer. This study was conducted to assess the quality-of-care interaction between nurses and patients in oncology hospitals. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 113 cancer patients in oncology teaching hospitals in Baghdad, Iraq, from August 14^th, 2023, to January 30^th, 2024. The Caring Nurse-Patients Interaction-23 Scale was utilized to examine the nurse-related orientation of caring interaction between nurse and patient. It is assessed on a 5-point Likert scale and contains 23 questions pertaining to four primary domains: “humanistic care, relational care, clinical care, and comforting care." Data were analyzed by descriptive and inferential data analysis. Results: The findings showed that most of the study sample were female (72.6%), unemployed (75.2%), and patients were not smokers (88.5%). Most of the patients had breast cancer (44.2%); and more than half of them were treated with chemotherapy (68.1%). The mean patients’ interaction with caring provided by oncology nurses was moderate in most domains, and the humanistic and comforting interactions were more impacted. There was a significant relationship between patients’ employment status, cancer type and type of treatment that they received (p value = 0.001), and their caring interaction with oncology nurses. Conclusion: The study concluded that the majority of the cancer patients felt a moderately caring interaction with oncology nurses. Nurses must focus on humanistic and comforting interactions with patients to build a positive caring relationship and improve patients’ health outcomes.

Unravelling the Nexus of Mindfulness and Nursing Leadership: A Cross-Sectional Inquiry

Sahir Mallaah Mohammad Ali — 2024-07-25

Objective: This study is crucial as it delves into the nexus between mindfulness and nursing leadership outcomes. It specifically focuses on the manifestation of mindfulness among nursing leaders, its relationship with leadership behaviours, and its potential impact on job satisfaction and burnout mitigation. Understanding these aspects is vital for the effective functioning of healthcare systems. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted to investigate the nexus between mindfulness and nursing leadership outcomes. The study involved 250 nursing leaders from Mosul Teaching Hospitals. The Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ) and other validated instruments were used to measure mindfulness, emotional regulation, and the quality of nursing work life. The study tools underwent rigorous validity and reliability tests to ensure the robustness of the data. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics and inferential tests with IBM SPSS Statistics version 26. Results: The distribution of personal characteristics revealed a diverse group of head nurses, mostly aged 30-35 years, male, and affiliated with critical care departments. Mindfulness levels predominantly leaned towards "low," with variations across observing, describing, acting with awareness, nonjudging, and nonreactivity. Emotional regulation was reported at "moderate" levels, indicating a nuanced approach to emotion management among nursing leaders. Conclusion: The study's findings offer hope for nursing leadership. The predominance of 'low' mindfulness levels among nursing leaders presents an opportunity for targeted interventions to enhance mindfulness, foster positive leadership behaviours, and mitigate burnout. These potential benefits underscore the significance of incorporating mindfulness practices into leadership development programs within healthcare organizations.

Empowering Nursing Leadership: Assessing the Influence of a Transformational Leadership Educational Program

Abdulhakeem Jamil Ahmed — 2024-07-25

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the impact of a Transformational Leadership Educational Program on the sense of responsibility among nursing leaders in Mosul city. The main objective was to assess the effectiveness of the program in improving knowledge about transformational leadership and the sense of responsibility among nursing leaders. Methods: A quasi-experimental design was employed, with 60 nursing leaders participating in the study. The educational program consisted of four phases: Assessment, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation. Data were collected using three validated instruments assessing knowledge about transformational leadership: a transformational leadership questionnaire and a sense of responsibility questionnaire. Statistical analysis included ANOVA with repeated measures, Friedman, Post Hoc Test (Dunn's), and Pearson coefficient. Results: The Interventional Group significantly improved the percentage of participants endorsing transformational leadership dimensions post-intervention. Intellectual stimulation, individualised consideration, and inspirational motivation showed substantial enhancement. The Control Group exhibited stable or slightly decreased percentages. Conclusion: The Transformational Leadership Educational Program positively influenced nursing leaders' perception of transformational leadership, particularly in critical dimensions. The study suggests that educational interventions can effectively enhance leadership skills and foster a heightened sense of responsibility among nursing leaders. Rigorous statistical analyses supported the robustness of the findings.

Effects of Ergonomic Exercises on Systolic and Diastolic Blood Pressure of Hypertensive Elderly in Sitopeng Cirebon, Indonesia

Omay Rohmana — 2024-07-25

Background: Hypertension is a chronic, non-communicable disease that often shows no symptoms but can cause heart failure, stroke, myocardial infarction, atrial fibrillation, and even premature death. The majority of hypertension sufferers in Indonesia are elderly (57.6%). Ergonomic exercise is recommended in the non-pharmacological management of hypertension because it can reduce blood pressure. Aims: To know the effect of ergonomic exercise three times and once per week on systolic and diastolic pressure in hypertensive elderly. Methods: The design is an experiment consisted of two groups before and after intervention; the population is hypertensive elderly in Sitopeng, Cirebon City. The sample sizes were determined by the formula (t-1) (r-1) > 15, where t is the treatment group and r are the replication, so the total sample was 32 hypertensive elderly people who were selected using simple random sampling techniques, and data analysis was carried out using the independent T-test and paired T-test. Results: Ergonomics exercises 3 times per week can reduce systolic pressure in elderly people with hypertension (p = 0.001<0.05), but there was no significant difference between the ergonomic exercise groups 3 times and 1 time per week treatment in systolic (p = 0.520) and diastolic pressure (p = 0.095>0.05). Conclusion: Ergonomic exercise provides good benefits in reducing systole and diastole pressure in elderly people with hypertension. Maximum benefits can be obtained if the elderly perform ergonomic exercise movements perfectly, control medication adherence, and follow a low-salt diet. Recommendation: Give the guidebook to each participant, which they take home and are assisted by family to memorize the movements. Always maintain compliance with taking medication and a low-salt diet.

The Impact of Dyadic Coping Intervention on Mental Health Problem and Quality of Life in Female Cancer Patients

Nurul Huda — 2024-07-25

Background: The mental health and quality of life in female cancer patients are of paramount importance, as a cancer diagnosis can significantly impact every aspect of a woman’s well-being. The need for interventions like dyadic coping, is crucial to address the complex emotional and psychosocial challenges these women face. Objective: The study investigated the effects of a dyadic coping intervention on the mental health and quality of life of female cancer patients. Methods: A quasi-experimental study was conducted with female cancer patients from a hospital in Riau Province, Indonesia, selected via purposive sampling. The intervention group consisted of 17 patients who underwent five dyadic coping training sessions based on the systemic transactional model, supplemented by follow-up phone calls from the researchers. An equal number of participants were assigned to the control group. The study analysed the data using descriptive statistics and independent t-tests, applying the DASS-21 scale for depression, anxiety, and stress, and the FACT-G scale for quality of life, both of which are validated measures. Results: The findings revealed that the dyadic coping intervention significantly reduced stress (p = 0.013), depression (p = 0.047), and anxiety (p < 0.001), and markedly improved quality of life (p = 0.017). Conclusion: These results suggest that dyadic coping interventions can effectively alleviate mental health issues and enhance the quality of life among female cancer patients, offering a viable alternative to traditional nursing interventions.

Assessing Patient Safety Culture among Hospital Nurses in Mosul: A Comprehensive Survey

Bilal Ahmed Essa — 2024-07-25

Background: Patient safety culture stems from the collective and individual values, attitudes, perceptions, skills, and behaviors that shape health providers' commitment, approach, and effectiveness in managing safety. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the patient safety culture among nurses in various healthcare settings, examining demographic characteristics and perceptions across domains including teamwork, leadership, communication, reporting, and hospital management. Methods: A comprehensive cross-sectional survey was meticulously conducted with 130 nurses from different hospitals. The participants provided detailed demographic information, and their responses to a Patient Safety Culture Survey, which covered five domains: unit/Work Area, Supervisor/Manager/Clinical Leader, Communication, Reporting Patient Safety Events, and Hospital Management, were thoroughly analysed. Results: The study revealed several key findings that can improve patient safety culture. Notably, at the same time, people generally hold positive views about how healthy teams work together; they express concerns about not having enough staff and relying too much on temporary workers. There are also concerns about mistreatment. The Leaders' approach to managing and communicating indicates a need to carefully balance efficiency with patient safety. The culture of reporting problems is somewhat inclined, with people reporting issues at varying frequency levels. When it comes to how well the hospital is run, people have mixed feelings about the management's commitment, the resources provided, and the coordination among different parts of the hospital. Conclusion: The findings of this study, with their profound implications for the fields of patient safety and healthcare management, not only highlight the intricate dynamics within healthcare units but also identify specific areas where targeted interventions can significantly improve the patient safety culture. The critical steps to creating safer healthcare environments, including addressing staffing challenges, nurturing supportive leadership, enhancing communication, and promoting a strong reporting culture, present a roadmap for positive change. The potential for improvement in the patient safety culture is not only a possibility but a tangible goal that can be achieved with the right interventions and strategies. This potential for improvement should inspire healthcare professionals, researchers, and policymakers to take action and work towards a safer healthcare environment.

Contemplation to Maintenance: Facilitating Physical Activity among Pregnant Women

Rafah Abdulsalam — 2024-09-03

Background: Physical activity during pregnancy is vital for maternal health and positive outcomes for both mother and baby. Despite its benefits, many pregnant women find it challenging to exercise regularly. The Stages of Change Model offers a framework to understand and facilitate this behaviour change. Objective: This study aimed to explore the stages of change in physical activity behaviours among pregnant women in Mosul, identifying barriers and facilitators specific to this context to inform tailored interventions. Methods: A mixed-methods approach was employed, involving 300 pregnant women from antenatal clinics in Mosul. Participants completed a questionnaire assessing their physical activity levels, stage of change, and related factors. Focus group discussions and in-depth interviews with healthcare providers provided qualitative insights. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, ANOVA, and logistic regression. Qualitative data underwent thematic analysis. Results: Most participants were in the contemplation (30%) and preparation (25%) stages, showing awareness of physical activity benefits but inconsistent engagement. Barriers included lack of time (45%), fatigue (40%), and unsafe exercise environments (35%). Facilitators were support from healthcare providers (50%), prenatal exercise programs (30%), and social support (25%). Progression through the stages was predicted by higher education (OR = 2.1, 95% CI = 1.3-3.4), lower BMI (OR = 0.8, 95% CI = 0.6-0.9), strong social support (OR = 2.5, 95% CI = 1.5-4.1), and a positive attitude towards physical activity (OR = 3.0, 95% CI = 1.8-5.0). Over 50% of participants reported regular activity, indicating improved adherence to exercise guidelines. Conclusion: The study reveals varying physical activity levels among pregnant women in Mosul and the influencing factors at different stages of change. Tailored interventions addressing specific barriers and leveraging facilitators can effectively promote physical activity during pregnancy. The Stages of Change Model provides a structured approach to support pregnant women in adopting and maintaining physical activity.

Effectiveness of an Educational Program on Nurses' Knowledge about Parenteral Nutrition in Critical Care Units

Asmaa Jumaa Falih — 2024-09-03

Background: Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN) is an intravenous nutrition administered to patients, unable or unwilling to undergo enteral nutrition. It is particularly relevant for those experiencing conditions such as intestinal failure, paralytic ileus, bowel ischemia, and others. Objectives: To evaluate critical care nurses' knowledge regarding parenteral nutrition, measure the effectiveness of an intervention program on this knowledge, and determine the relationship between nurses' knowledge and their demographic data. Methods: A quasi-experimental design study was conducted using a purposive sampling technique. 110 nurses were recruited from three intensive care units in Baghdad City, Iraq. The study was conducted from July 1^st, 2023, to January 28^th, 2024. A Likert scale was used to assess nurses' knowledge after the researcher's permission, which consisted of three parts: the first part, written and oral informed consent; the second part, a socio-demographic data sheet; and the third part, a questionnaire to assess nurses’ knowledge about parenteral nutrition. Results: The study collected data on nurses' knowledge level in two groups—a control group and a study group—across three tests: pre-test, post-test1, and post-test2. The results showed that the nurses in the control group had a consistently low level of knowledge across all three tests (pre-test: M ± SD = 60.27 ± 5.56, post-test1: M ± SD = 63.15 ± 5.44, post-test2: M ± SD = 65.90 ± 6.61), indicating no clear change in their knowledge level. On the other hand, nurses in the study group had a low level of knowledge during the pre-test (M ± SD = 60.30 ±3.14). Still, they showed a clear increase in their understanding during post-test1 (M ± SD = 94.47 ±2.29) and post-test2 (M ± SD = 96.40 ± 2.07), indicating a clear improvement in their knowledge level after completing an educational program. The data was analysed using SPSS version 26. Conclusion: This study concluded that interventional programs improved the nursing staff's knowledge of parenteral nutrition in critical care units. There were no significant relationships between nurses' knowledge and their demographic characteristics. In addition, there was a significant relationship between the level of education and their nurses' knowledge of parenteral nutrition.

Types of Empowerments on Improving Hypertension among Elderly: A Systematic Review

Tri Nurhidayati — 2024-07-25

Introduction: Hypertension is a cardiovascular disease, often referred to as the silent killer disease, that mostly affects the elderly. Changes in body condition and unhealthy lifestyles cause hypertension in the elderly. Hypertension is basically a cause of high mortality and impacts expensive care for the elderly. The caregiver's lack of ability is one of the triggers for the severity of hypertension. The caregiver plays a crucial role in helping elderly people with hypertension become independent. Research on the empowerment of caregivers of elderly hypertensives is very diverse, but research on the most effective empowerment for caregivers is limited. Objective: This study aims to investigate the type of empowerment that improves hypertension in the elderly. Methods: The online databases include Science Direct, ProQuest, PubMed, Sage, Ebscohost, and Google Scholar. Articles were reviewed from 2018 to 2022. Protocol and evaluation of literature review using the PRISMA checklist and the Joanna Briggs Institute Guidelines. Results: A total of 15 articles define the types of empowerments, comprising 6 types of such as family empowerment (4 articles), social support (4 articles), adaptation (2 articles), education (3 articles), dyadic partnership (1 article), and multidisciplinary (1 article). The development of a caregiver empowerment model is expected to increase the ability to care for the elderly and have an impact on the self-management of hypertension. Conclusions: Empowering caregivers for elderly people with hypertension is an important step in ensuring that elderly people receive optimal care and are able to better manage their hypertension condition. The most common were family empowerment and social support.

Sustainable Impact of Intradialytic Exercise and Cognitive Behavior Therapy on the Quality of Life of Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease: A Non-Pharmacological Approach

Akhmad Huda — 2024-09-03

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) affects a person's psychological and physical health, which lowers their quality of life. Hemodialysis is a common kind of replacement treatment for patients with chronic renal disease. The data on symptoms is expanding as the need to manage symptoms in advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients receiving hemodialysis (HD) becomes more widely recognized. Finding non-pharmacological ways to improve CKD patients' quality of life was the goal of this study. A brief overview of the existing research on non-pharmacologic therapies aimed at improving symptoms and enhancing quality of life in dialysis patients with advanced chronic kidney disease is provided in this study. Not only are there no clinical practice guidelines available to treat those frequent symptoms, but there is also a dearth of research about the best ways to integrate symptom intervention techniques into clinical care. According to the present review research, this combination of physical and cognitive behavioral intervention may be employed as a non-pharmacological technique to limit physical and cognitive decline and improve quality of life in the HD population. This suggests a promising direction for further research and application in HD care.

Comparing the Effectiveness of Water Sponging Combined with Antipyretics Versus Antipyretics Alone in Lowering Fever in Children: A Systematic Review

Aris Widiyanto — 2024-07-25

Background: Fever occurs when the body temperature rises above normal due to external factors, such as exposure to high temperatures or heat sources. This study aims to assess the effectiveness of water sponging in combination with antipyretic versus antipyretic only on reducing body temperature in children with fever. Methods: This was a systematic review of primary studies using true experimental designs collected from online sources published between 1994 until 2024. Articles were screened using the PRISMA flow diagram with the following keywords: body temperature, children, fever, febrile, water sponging, antipyretic, randomized controlled trial. The data was reviewed accordingly. Results: The findings have revealed that three studies found no significant difference in temperature drops between tepid water sponging combined with antipyretics and antipyretics alone. Other studies, however, noted a faster initial drop with the combination, but temperatures equalized after two hours, with some children experiencing additional discomfort. Conclusion: The study concludes that while tepid water sponging combined with antipyretics initially reduces fever faster, both methods equalize within two hours, and the combination may cause additional discomfort.