Transcendental Regulation Breastfeeding: A Bibliometrics Analysis

Fitriani Nur Damayanti1*, Umi Khasanah1, Sandeep Poddar2, Zulvi Wiyanti3

1Depatment of Midwifery, Universitas Muhammadiyah Semarang, Kota Semarang, 50273 Jawa Tengah, Indonesia

2Lincoln University College, Wisma Lincoln, 12-18, Jalan SS 6/12, 47301 Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia

3Department of Midwifery, Universitas Prima Nusantara Bukittinggi, Kota Bukittinggi, 26111 Sumatera Barat, Indonesia

*Corresponding Author’s Email: fitriani@unimus.ac.id

ABSTRACT

Breastfeeding is a public health problem that has a major influence on the growth and development of babies, in addition to the mother herself. Dairy bioactivity refers to the unique health effects of milk components that extend beyond nutrition. This systematic investigation of the elements and their impact on health, as demonstrated by empirical evidence, carefully regulated experiments, and logical reasoning, is the science of dairy bioactivity. Conversely, "belief in milk bioactivity" refers to individual interpretations, meanings, expectations, beliefs, and attitudes about the effects on health that go beyond the understanding of natural, social, or human sciences. The objective of this study is to determine the trend in the number of publications on the transcendental regulation of breastfeeding, the number of citations, and the direction of future research topics. This study employs the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) research method, utilizing 229 scientific articles or proceedings from the Dimensions data. Review articles were analysed using the VOSviewer application. The current study reveals three primary findings: a surge in publications on the subject of transcendental regulation of breastfeeding, an increase in citations related to this topic, and a network visualisation of this topic, which offers insights into unexplored topics.

Keywords: Breastfeeding; Bibliometrics; Transcendental Regulation

INTRODUCTION

The seeds of spirituality are there in our bodies and our DNA (Cooper, 2023). Events in life and other experiences that trigger specific biological pathways in our bodies have inherent spiritual significance (Hayatiningrum, Cahyati & Februanti, 2023; Damayanti, Absori & Wardiono, 2019; Haller, 2022). It is incorrect to regard their spiritual aspect as an epiphenomenon (Tomori et al., 2022): it is essential and inextricably linked to its biological scope (Widayanti & Mawardika, 2023). The interplay between biology and spirituality, emphasizing that self-transcendent experiences are rooted in biological mechanisms to highlight the inseparable spiritual dimension of human existence (Lumbreras, 2020).

Dairy bioactivity (Grisham et al., 2023) refers to the unique health effects of milk components that extend beyond nutrition. The systematic investigation of these constituents and their impact on health is the field of dairy bioactivity science (Kehinde, O’Donnell & Grealish, 2023), as demonstrated by logical reasoning, controlled experiments, and empirical data (Ahmed et al., 2019). Conversely, "belief in milk bioactivity" represents a subjective perspective (Sukmawati, Wijaya & Hilmanto, 2024), encompassing expectations about the significance, values, beliefs, and health impacts (Meek & Noble, 2022) that the human, social, or natural sciences are unable to investigate (WHO, 2019). While faiths can be secular (Gallagher, 2020; Bensaid, 2021), they can also be influenced by religion or spirituality (Lawrence & Lawrence, 2021; Sangild, 2024).

Breastfeeding is a public health issue that significantly impacts the growth and development of both the baby and the mother (Flagg & Busch, 2019; Bai, Lee & Overgaard, 2019). The benefits of breastfeeding have been well-researched from physiological (Geddes & Perrella, 2019; Gutierrez-de-Terán-Moreno et al., 2022) and sociocultural perspective (Li et al., 2021; Rahayu & Atmojo, 2022). The delicate nature of breastfeeding, which serves as a semiotic medium for the value and meaning of motherhood, love, happiness, security, and wholeness (Alawadi, 2020). All these factors often go unnoticed (Jama et al., 2020).

Breastfeeding is the "gold standard" for newborn feeding (Mestre et al., 2022), and the World Health Organization advises breastfeeding (Hayudanti et al., 2022) a child exclusively for the first six months of life (Uçar et al., 2023). However, Kinshella et al. (2021) report very low breastfeeding rates worldwide. Long-term breastfeeding (Krol & Grossmann, 2018) suggests, in the phenomenological exploration of breastfeeding, that to account for disparities, breastfeeding must be explored holistically (Meek, Noble & Section on Breastfeeding, 2022), from the perspective of breastfeeding mothers, as an embodied and relational commitment that can trigger ambivalence (Wallenborn et al., 2021; Ram, 2021).

Breastfeeding has a profound impact on the long-term health of both mothers and babies, offering numerous significant benefits (De Roza et al., 2019). The World Health Organisation recommends a minimum two-year breastfeeding period and exclusive breastfeeding for all babies for at least six months (North et al., 2022). Nevertheless, many nations do not follow this guideline (Van Dellen et al., 2019). This study investigated whether the Breastfeeding Support Programme (BSP), along with comprehensive, evidence-based breastfeeding intervention, encourages longer and exclusive breastfeeding durations (Horta, 2019).

Over time, there has been a decline in global interest in the question of metaphysical control in nursing. According to Fauzy, Suparman and Supandi (2022) and Prabowo et al. (2023), searching for the term "transcendental breastfeeding" on Google Trends will provide relevant interesting data. For instance, the information shown in Figure 1 was obtained through a web search conducted between January 2004 and December 2022 using all search parameters. Data was collected on July 21, 2024.

Figure 1: The Evolution of Interest in Transcendental Nursing Over Time (Data Source: Google Trends)

The information demonstrates the widespread interest in the transcendental regulation of breastfeeding. However, to conduct a thorough investigation into the subject of transcendental breastfeeding, researchers need additional specialized data. For instance, scientific publications on the subject of transcendental regulating breastfeeding in the form of scientific articles and scientific seminar sessions. Therefore, information on the topic of transcendental regulation of breastfeeding in the form of scientific articles is very necessary.

The study's researchers required data on innovations and developments for the transcendental control of breastfeeding in the future. Nevertheless, there is currently no bibliometric analysis of transcendental regulatory breastfeeding publications to identify trends or new information. (1) How is the number of publications on the topic of transcendental regulation breastfeeding developing? (2) How is the number of citations on the topic of transcendental regulation breastfeeding? (6) How is network visualization on the topic of transcendental regulation breastfeeding? (7) How is the publication cluster on the topic of transcendental regulation breastfeeding reviewed from co-occurrence? (8) How to use overlay visuals when discussing. These are the questions that this study aims to address.

Bibliometrics analysis is a statistically grounded research methodology that illustrates the impact of academic institutions and shifts in research hotspots (Fu et al., 2023). Using visualization tools, bibliometric analysis assists scholars in identifying new topics and directions for their field of study (Lam et al., 2022). Numerous authors have assessed information theories listed in the Scopus database using bibliometric analysis (Lam et al., 2022), to assess the relationship between environmental degradation and immigration (Anuar et al., 2022), and to look at current patterns in the study of breastfeeding's transcendental regulation (Zhang et al., 2022). Given this, bibliometric analysis is a methodical and quantitative way to assess published works. In a given field of study, it can help researchers find hotspots, trends, and updates, which will facilitate the creation of future studies (Soytas, 2021).

The purpose of this research is to determine the trend in the quantity of publications on transcendental regulating breastfeeding, the quantity of citations, and the future research directions. Since there are now few topics on transcendental regulating breastfeeding, bibliometric analysis must be used to look for new research on this topic.

METHODOLOGY

Syros et al. (2022) used bibliometric analysis as a research approach to analyse study progress in library and information science. Bibliographic analysis is a vital tool for assessing the importance of research since it evaluates studies based on the quantity of citations gathered (Pahwa, Goyal & Chaurasia, 2022).

The collection database was searched for publications on breastfeeding with transcendental regulation. The search strategies involved the following keywords: “breastfeeding” OR “transcendental” OR “regulation” OR “breastfeeding regulation” OR “breastfeeding transcendental” OR “regulation transcendental” in the title. The language and literature types were not limited during the process of retrieval.

On July 21, 2024, information was taken from https://app.dimensions.ai/. The method of Preferred Reporting Items for Meta-Analyses and Systematic Reviews (Page et al., 2021) were used extract articles from databases using PRISMA, with the "app.dimensions.ai." Figure 2 displays the PRISMA flowchart.

Figure 2: PRISMA flowchart (Page et al., 2021)

The PRISMA approach consists of three steps: identification, screening, and inclusion. Phase 1 (Identification) retrieved 8,601 documents from https://app.dimensions.ai/ by searching for titles and abstracts, using the keyword transcendental regulating breastfeeding to find publications published between 2010 and 2024. Stage 2 (screening) issued 8,372 records after selecting the publication type "article", which produced 229 records. The study obtained 229 articles from the final sample at stage 3 (inclusive). VOSViewer was used for data analysis. Van Eck & Waltman (2010) used this computer tool named VOSviewer to create and display bibliometric maps. The analysis in this study examined co-occurrence.

The following steps were used in the process for co-occurrence analysis: (1) For the data type, the choice is made to create a map using test data. This option is selected to create a shared event map utilising text data. (2) The option to read data from reference management files is available when selecting the data source. Supported file types are RIS, EndNote, and RefWorks. (3) The RIS file type is chosen. (4) Fields from which the extracted word will be taken. The structured abstract labels and copyright assertions were ignored, the selections for the title and abstract fields are chosen. (5) For the calculation method, the full counting option is selected. (6) The cutoff criterion, used to select the very few instances of a phrase, is ten. The 3605 terms were included (Klarin, 2024).

RESULTS

The study analysed 229 scientific paper publications throughout the search of published articles from 2010 to 2024. Table 1 shows the annual number of papers on transcendental regulation of breastfeeding.

Table 1: The Number of Articles Published Between 2010-2024 Related to Breastfeeding with Transcendental Regulation

Source: https://app.dimensions.ai/

Figure 3 presents the number of citations for breastfeeding and transcendental intervention per year from 2010 to 2024. The highest improvement happened in 2015, with an increase of 1391 published articles. Meanwhile, the lowest increase happened in 2010 with an increase of only one article.

Source: https://App.Dimensions.Ai/

Figure 3: The Number of Citations From 2010 To 2024 About Breastfeeding and Transcendental Control

The network visualization is a line connecting two items indicates that they appear together in the Title and Abstract of a given article. Conversely, the absence of a connecting line signifies that the two items do not co-occur in the Title and Abstract.As shown in Figure 4, the visualization includes 224 items, grouped into 3 clusters, with 55 connections and a total link strength of 192.

Source: VOSviewer and https://app.dimensions.ai/

Figure 4: Network Visualization

Figure 5 presents the overlay visualization of 102 keywords. VOSviewer provides an overlay map visualization to analyse trends based on keywords like “midwifery policy” from 2010 to 2024 publications, focusing on studies related to breastfeeding and transcendental aspects. In the overlay visualization shown in Figure 5, the yellow nodes indicate keywords that are currently of significant research interest. For instance, recent studies emphasize trends in breastfeeding and transcendental topics, highlighting their relationships and areas of focus in research. There are two clusters formed out of the 17 keywords: cluster 1 has eight terms, cluster 2 has five terms, and cluster 3 has four terms. Table 2 presents these clusters in further depth.

Table 2: Clusters for Transcendental Regulation Breastfeeding Topics

(Source: Vosviewer)

To see the trend of research titles connected to transcendental regulating breastfeeding, an analysis based on the keywords of “labour pain” intervention from 2010 to 2024 is provided by the overlay visualization (Figure 5).

Source: VOSviewer and https://app.dimensions.ai/

Figure 5: Overlay Visualization

Figure 6 highlights various items, including "goal," "process," "relationship," and "study." Items were represented by yellow-coloured nodes which indicate topics that frequently appeared in previous journal publications. In contrast, topics related to breastfeeding and transcendental studies exhibit a lower density in the visualization, as seen in categories such as "hormonal & breastfeeding”, "abstract”, and "section".

Source: VOSviewer and https://app.dimensions.ai/

Figure 6: Density visualization

DISCUSSION

The establishment and regulation of milk supply are critical for successful breastfeeding. Typically, a mother's milk supply stabilizes around 6–12 weeks postpartum. This period allows the body to adjust production based on the infant's demand, ensuring adequate nutrition. Factors influencing this regulation include feeding frequency, effective latch, and maternal health. Understanding these elements is vital for healthcare providers supporting breastfeeding mothers (Masi & Stewart, 2024).

In order to support breastfeeding mothers, the workplace has made legal provisions that ensure adequate break times and access to private, non-bathroom areas for expressing breast milk during work hours. This is applicable for up to one year after the child's birth. Such policies aim to facilitate continued breastfeeding among working mothers, promoting maternal and child health (Oggero, Rozmus & LoBiondo-Wood, 2024).

Organizations like the World Health Organization (WHO) and the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) have been instrumental in promoting breastfeeding through initiatives such as the Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative (BFHI) (WHO, 2019). Launched in 1992, BFHI encourages maternity facilities worldwide to adopt practices that protect, promote, and support breastfeeding, thereby enhancing maternal and infant health outcomes (Bai & Alsaidi, 2024).

Table 1 illustrates the exponential yearly increase in the number of articles. With only two publications, 2011 has the lowest number of publications. With 35 articles each, 2014 and 2019 saw the highest number of publications. The average number of publications is 15. Among the 229 publications, the one with the title "Meditation and Mindfulness in Pregnancy and Postpartum: A Review of the Evidence" (Babbar, Oyarzabal & Oyarzabal, 2021) is the most relevant. There has been a lot of research on breastfeeding regulation, but most of it still sheds light on breastfeeding regulation in general, so it's important to review the latest article on transcendental breastfeeding regulation (Bartlett, 2019). Therefore, a review of the most recent research on the topic of transcendental breastfeeding regulation is necessary.

Figure 3 demonstrates that the number of citations from year-to-year increases significantly. The lowest citations—a mere one—occurred in 2010. In contrast, the highest number of citations—1391—occurred in 2015. Meanwhile, the average citation count was 659. Figure 3 shows an illustration of this statistic. The research data showed that, among 9,953 publications, "Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2014 Update" (Go et al., 2014) holds the highest citation count. Journals that writers frequently cite are listed by reliable indexers. Research on transcendental regulation of breastfeeding is therefore crucial.

In a network visualization (Figure 4), a line connecting two terms signifies their simultaneous appearances in the Title and Abstract. Conversely, the absence of a line connecting two terms signifies their absence in the Title and Abstract. The study results showed that there were 17 words, 3 clusters, 55 linkages, and a link strength of 192. Scholars have extensively studied the topic of transcendental breastfeeding regulation. Therefore, scholars studying transcendental breastfeeding can gain unique insights from research on seemingly unrelated terms like "process" and "relationship."

The yellow phrase in Figure 6 revealed overlay visualization map that suggests the keywords is the current area of focus for the study (Lam et al., 2022). Consequently, the current trend in transcendental regulation research underscores concepts like “relationship” and “study”, as indicated by the yellow highlight. Social change in the 20th century resulted in a substantial decline (Wong, Mou & Chien, 2021) in the prevalence of breastfeeding in many countries (Zong et al., 2021; Bhandari et al., 2019), especially in countries with high and increasing levels of prosperity (Vaz et al., 2021; Huang, Ouyang & Redding, 2019). Concerns regarding the decline in breastfeeding (Crippa et al., 2019; Hull, Kam & Gribble, 2020) prompted extensive research on breastfeeding tracking (Theurich et al., 2019; Linde et al., 2020) and strategies for protecting mothers and children (Vilar-Compte et al., 2021; Pattison et al., 2019). In 1981, the first pro- breastfeeding outbursts led to the formation of the WHO International Marketing Code on Breastfeeding (Pérez-Escamilla et al., 2023) and the 1990 Innocenti Declaration on Breastfeeding, which, together with several other initiatives, has contributed to a shift in the direction of breastfeeding success (Francis et al., 2020; Prentice, 2022). Changes in self- efficacy in breastfeeding (Piro & Ahmed, 2020; Woldeamanuel, 2020) and perceived milk supply can lead to specific interventions for successful breastfeeding (Joseph & Earland, 2019; Sandhi et al., 2020).

Figure 6 uses colour to visually represent the term's density level. Blue denotes a high density, while yellow indicates a low density. A high density indicates widespread use of the topic, whereas a low density indicates sparing use of the problem. Therefore, the suggested research topic, which pertains to transcendental regulation in breastfeeding, features a low-density visualisation, characterised by study and process.

Limitation

This research has limitations, even if it has helped to provide state-of-the-art knowledge of the advancement of transcendental regulation breastfeeding articles from 2010 to 2024 through https://app.dimensions.ai/. Periodically, the database https://app.dimensions.ai/ updates with new articles. Therefore, the bibliometric analysis of transcendental regulating breastfeeding may be re-examined in the coming years. Furthermore, the data for this bibliometric analysis to scientific papers was limited from the https://app.dimensions.ai/ database. Additional research should be added to various databases to have a more complete understanding of the transcendental regulation of breastfeeding.

CONCLUSION

This study conducted a bibliometric analysis of articles relevant to policies controlling breastfeeding between 2010 and 2024 using https://app.dimensions.ai/. This investigation yields several findings. The network visualisation focuses on the topic of transcendental Breastfeeding provides insights into previously unexplored topics, and a review of three clusters reveals a rising trend in the number of citations on the topic of transcendental regulation breastfeeding. the topic. Hence, overlay visualization on the subject of transcendental regulation in breastfeeding indicates a potential avenue for further study. The visualisation of density in relation to transcendental regulation is noteworthy. ion Still, breastfeeding remains uncommon. The development of a research project is the culmination of the study's findings.

Although this research has contributed to providing insight into the transcendental regulation of breastfeeding from 2010 to 2024 through app.dimension.ai, this research has limitations. The app.dimensional.ai database keeps updating new publications from time to time. Therefore, the transcendental regulation breastfeeding analysis can be reviewed in the next few years. In addition, this bibliometric analysis only extracts scientific article data from the app.dimension.ai database. Further research is in order to add other databases for a broader and more transcendental regulation of breastfeeding.

Conflict of Interest

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The authors are thankful to the institutional authority for completion of the work.

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