International Journal of Food, Drug and Cosmetics (IJFDC)

A Study on the Determination of Anti-Angiogenesis Potential of Xerochrysum Bracteatum (Everlasting Flower) Ethanolic Crude Extract by Chorioallantoic Membrane Assay of Fertilized Chick Eggs

2024-05-08T08:26:04+00:00

This research study is about the anti-angiogenesis potential of Xerochrysumbracteatum (Everlasting) flower ethanolic crude extract. Chorioallantoic membrane assay was utilized, wherein test solutions were introduced directly to the eggs’ membrane via a small opening of the egg shell.

One trial was made for the experiment, using a total of 18 chicken eggs, 6 eggs per group. The eggs were incubated for 10 days. In the experiment, the experimental group was treated with the everlasting ethanolic crude extract (EECE), positive control group - Vitamin A and the negative control group was left untreated. The eggs were re-incubated for 2 days to facilitate the absorption of the drug for the analysis. After re-incubation, the eggs were totally opened and separated to the membrane carefully to avoid blood vessels rupture. AngioTool Software was also used for quantitative assessment of various vessel morphometric and spatial parameters including vessel length and density. The data gathered was determined using One-Way ANOVA and Tukey post-hoc test. The P value which is <0.01 level is considered significant. The results showed that Everlasting Ethanolic Crude Extract (EECE) has a significant difference (number of blood vessels) and comparable effects (blood vessels length and density) with the positive control group (Retinoic Acid) for its anti-angiogenesis activity. Basing on its potency and effect, it is therefore affirmative for anti-angiogenesis.

The recommendations of this study are to conduct a study regarding the components of the Everlasting Flower that is responsible of its antiangiogenic property and also conduct a study regarding the determination of the minimal concentration for its antiangiogenic property. Most importantly, to conduct a study separating the antiangiogenic components and more.

“Phytochemicals in Diabetic Neuropathy: From Traditional Remedies to Modern Science”

2025-09-25T02:56:05+00:00

Diabetic neuropathy is one of the most prevalent and serious consequences of diabetes, characterized by chronic discomfort, sensory loss, and gradual nerve damage. Current pharmacological treatments give symptomatic relief but do not address underlying causes such as oxidative stress, inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and advanced glycation end-product build-up. Phytochemicals are gaining popularity as viable therapeutic agents due to their varied bioactivities, which include antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and glucose-modulating properties. Traditional systems such as Ayurveda, Traditional Chinese Medicine, and Unani have long used herbal formulations including turmeric, ginseng, fenugreek, and ashwagandha for nerve-related illnesses, and modern research has begun verifying these therapies through preclinical and clinical trials. Curcumin, resveratrol, ginsenosides, and alkaloids are examples of phytochemicals with neuroprotective properties. They improve nerve conduction, modulate oxidative stress, and promote neuronal regeneration. Experiments show that they can minimize oxidative and inflammatory damage, improve mitochondrial function, and control neurotrophic factors. However, clinical applicability is still limited due to difficulties such as low bioavailability, a lack of uniformity, and insufficient large-scale investigations. To address these limitations, researchers are investigating advances in nanotechnology-based delivery methods, herbal-drug combination tactics, and customized treatment approaches. Overall, phytochemicals serve as a bridge between traditional treatments and current science, providing multi-targeted techniques that may supplement or enhance existing therapies. These plant-derived chemicals have tremendous potential for safer, more effective, and long-term diabetic neuropathy care since they address both symptomatic alleviation and disease change.

Pharmacology and Pharmacokinetics in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery: A Comprehensive Review

2025-10-08T01:43:00+00:00

Abstract
Oral and maxillofacial surgery (OMFS) is a specialized surgical discipline that demands a profound understanding of pharmacology and pharmacokinetics. This comprehensive review highlights the critical role of these principles in optimizing patient care and minimizing risks within the unique physiological and pathological context of the head and neck region. While general surgical pharmacology is well-documented, the specific nuances of drug selection, dosing, and potential interactions in OMFS patients—who often present with complex medical histories, localized infections, and significant pain management challenges—warrant dedicated attention. This paper integrates fundamental drug principles with patient-specific considerations, covering local anesthetics, analgesics, antibiotics, corticosteroids, sedatives, and emergency medications. It further delves into crucial aspects such as drug interactions, toxicity, allergic reactions, and the necessity of appropriate laboratory investigations. Drawing from innovations stemming from the industrial era, which revolutionized drug synthesis, understanding of pharmacokinetics, and aseptic techniques, this review provides OMFS practitioners with an updated, robust framework. The aim is to ensure optimal therapeutic outcomes, enhance patient safety, and guide rational prescribing in a rapidly evolving healthcare landscape, emphasizing the shift towards personalized and evidence- based pharmacological interventions.

Keywords: Antibiotics, Analgesics, Anti-inflammatory drugs, NSAIDs, Steroids.

ROLE OF NUTRITION IN THE PREVENTION AND MANAGEMENT OF TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS

2025-10-26T11:09:11+00:00

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a major and growing public health challenge globally. Nutrition plays a central role both in preventing the onset of T2DM and in managing its progression. Key nutritional strategies include maintaining healthy body weight, optimizing macronutrient composition (especially the quality of carbohydrates and dietary fats), increasing fiber intake, and aligning dietary patterns with individual preferences and metabolic goals. Diets that emphasize whole grains, legumes, fruits, vegetables, nuts, and unsaturated fats, while limiting refined carbohydrates, red and processed meat, sugar-sweetened beverages, and saturated or trans fats have demonstrated benefits in reducing risk of T2DM and improving glycemic control, lipids and other metabolic biomarkers. Emerging evidence also highlights the influence of vitamins, minerals, epigenetics, and gut microbiota in modulating individual responses to diet interventions. While there is no one-size-fits-all diet, dietary patterns such as the Mediterranean diet, low-glycemic index diets, vegetarian or plant-based diets, and modestly reduced-carbohydrate diets have shown consistent efficacy. Personalized nutrition, incorporating medical nutrition therapy as part of multidisciplinary care, can achieve meaningful reductions in HbA1c (often up to 2 %) and other risk factors over 3‑6 months. In sum, nutritional interventions are foundational to both preventing T2DM and optimizing its management, acting synergistically with lifestyle modifications and, where needed, pharmacotherapy.

Green Nano cosmeceuticals: Formulating an Eco-Friendly, Preservative-Free Cucumber and Chamomile Oil Nano emulsion for Advanced Skin Therapeutics

2025-10-28T07:43:34+00:00

The increasing consumer demand for safe, sustainable, and effective skincare has intensified the development of green cosmeceuticals, integrating natural botanicals with advanced delivery systems. This study reports the formulation and characterization of a preservative-free, eco-friendly cucumber (Cucumis sativus) and chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla) oil nanoemulsion face mist designed for enhanced skin hydration, elasticity, and protection against oxidative damage. Utilizing Tween 80 as a non-ionic surfactant, three formulations differing in chamomile oil concentration (0.1% w/w, 0.2% w/w, and 0.3% w/w) were prepared via high-speed homogenization. Physicochemical evaluations revealed stable nanoscale droplets (296–737 nm), moderately negative zeta potentials (−6.9 to −11.1 mV), pH values consistent with the skin’s acid mantle (4.61–5.56), and low viscosity conducive to fine mist application. Stability assessments-freeze–thaw, thermostability, and centrifugation tests-confirmed the nanoemulsions’ robustness without synthetic preservatives. The antioxidant activity of cucumber extract showed strong, concentration-dependent free radical scavenging with up to 79% inhibition at 2000 µg/mL. skin analysis demonstrated significant improvements in hydration, oil content, and elasticity, particularly at 0.3% w/w chamomile oil concentration. Spray characteristics and drying time tests indicated optimal sensory properties facilitating consumer acceptability. These findings establish the promising potential of cucumber and chamomile oil nanoemulsion as a green, preservative-free cosmeceutical platform that aligns with current industry trends towards natural, sustainable, and efficacious skincare solutions.