International Journal of Biotechnology and Biomedicine (IJBB)

Factors Affecting Medication Adherence among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Review

Regina Marintan Sinaga; Idris Adewale Ahmed — Mon, 16 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Abstract

Medication adherence plays a crucial role in the management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM), especially to prevent complications and improve the quality of life of patients. However, the very low level of patient adherence harms the effectiveness of therapy and their overall health. This study purpose was to identify and analyse factors that influence medication adherence in T2DM patients. This study used the Systematic Literature Review method by reviewing relevant studies from journal platforms such as ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, Garuda Portal and BMC Public Health. Inclusion criteria focused on age, gender, and education level. A detailed search in the selected databases found 17.817 articles. After careful screening, six articles were considered relevant for the review. The results of the study showed that age factors have a significant relationship with adherence, where older patients tend to have lower adherence due to the complexity of the treatment regimen and cognitive impairment. Gender factors also have an influence, with several studies showing that women have higher adherence levels than men. In addition, education plays an important role in improving patients' understanding of treatment, and patients with higher levels of education tend to be more adherent to undergoing medical therapy. In conclusion, these findings confirm that education-based interventions and approaches tailored to age groups and gender can improve patient adherence to T2DM treatment.

Family Mental Support Towards Children With Diarrhea at Wonosari District Hospital Gunung Kidul Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta

Mon, 16 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Background: Diarrhea is a condition that occurs in the digestive system when a child defecates in liquid form three or more times every day. Families are expected to understand the management of diarrhea in children so they can carry out independent treatment. Families can control anxiety levels while accompanying children who experience diarrhea in hospital.

Objective: This research was conducted to provide mental support to families in the context of caring for children who experience diarrhea.

Methods: The research was applied using a pre-experimental design method by applying case studies to a sample of 41 children with diarrhea in the Amaryllis ward of Wonosari Regional Hospital in April - May 2023. This research was carried out after receiving an Ethical Clearance Test from the hospital.

Results: Family mental support was provided by senior nurses who provide care for parents with children who experience diarrhea. Support is provided using the Myra Levine Theory approach. The results show that the family feels that there is very good mental support from the hospital for the family. Families and patients in general have the enthusiasm to recover and families are equipped with aseptic treatment techniques and good management by nurses.

Conclusion: families get good mental support from nurses, especially when accompanying children who experience diarrhea. Family understanding is provided well regarding the education process and how to provide information on diarrhea treatment management.

From Innovation to Inclusion: The Role of Equitable Technology in Society

Zin Mar Soe — Mon, 16 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Technology has become a crucial part of modern society, shaping the way individuals interact, do business, and communicate with others. This paper explores the impact and implications of technological improvement on various societal aspects, including education, healthcare, business, and governance. Although it is undeniable that technology has driven progress, increased efficiency, and improved the quality of every life, one cannot deny that these cutting-edge technologies have negative aspects such as the digital divide, ethical concerns, and privacy issues. This paper's focus is to discuss the positive consequences of the evolution of technology as well as the negative consequences that revolve around the need for responsibility regarding innovation, and policies that will enforce equal access to technology and sustainable technology. This study provides insights into how societies can implement technology for the greater good while minimizing potential risks through the analysis of historical trends and current developments.

Agricultural and Urban Land Use as Drivers of Aquatic Ecosystem Degradation: A Systematic Review

Mon, 16 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Abstract

Background:
Freshwater ecosystems are under increasing pressure from anthropogenic land use changes, particularly those related to agriculture and urban development. These land use types contribute to ecological degradation through the introduction of nutrients, sediments, and chemical pollutants, as well as the alteration of hydrological and habitat dynamics. Understanding the extent of nature and these impacts is significant for the conservation and management of watershed ecosystems.

Objectives:
This research aimed to systematically synthesize and review current supportable evidence on the effects of farming and urban land use on water and aquatic quality biodiversity within watershed environments. It sought to (1) identify consistent patterns of water quality and biodiversity change associated with land use types, (2) examine the sensitivity of various ecological indicators to land use stressors, and (3) highlight knowledge gaps to inform future research and land management strategies.

Methods:
A systematic literature review was conducted using a structured search strategy across six major academic databases. A total of 36 peer-reviewed studies published between 2012 and 2025 were included based on defined inclusion criteria. Studies were categorized according to land use type, geographic context, study design, spatial scale, and water quality and biodiversity metrics. Data extraction focused on quantifiable indicators such as nutrient concentrations, turbidity, dissolved oxygen, species richness, macroinvertebrate indices, and biotic integrity scores. Risk of bias assessments were performed using JBI and ROBVIS tools for quasi-experimental and randomized controlled trial studies, respectively.

Results:
The review revealed a consistent pattern of ecological degradation in watersheds dominated by agricultural and urban land uses. Agricultural land use was strongly associated with elevated nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations, sediment loads, and reductions in biotic integrity, especially in areas with row cropping and minimal riparian buffers. Urban land use contributed significantly to increased pollutant loads, thermal pollution, and habitat fragmentation, with urban streams often exhibiting the lowest levels of biodiversity and water quality. Forested landscapes were frequently associated with improved water quality and ecological health. Metrics that incorporated species composition and ecological sensitivity—such as macroinvertebrate community indices—were more effective in detecting land use impacts than general richness or abundance measures.

Conclusion:
Agricultural and urban land uses are key drivers of aquatic ecosystem degradation, with effects manifesting across both chemical and biological dimensions. The use of sensitive ecological indicators is essential for accurately assessing watershed health and guiding restoration efforts. This study highlights the importance of integrated land use planning and the need for further research into specific land use practices and their ecological consequences. Strategies such as riparian buffer restoration, reduced fertilizer application, and green infrastructure in urban areas are critical for mitigating impacts and promoting freshwater sustainability.

Keywords: Watershed, Land use, Water quality, Aquatic biodiversity

Extraction of Chinese Green Tea and its Toxicological Evaluation

Mon, 16 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Green tea extract has numerous health benefits along with anticancer activity due to the presence of powerful antioxidants, but there are some controversial adverse effects, in the case of long-term treatment as well as dose dependent. This study focused on the identification and content of bioactive components of Chinese green tea extract and investigated their toxicological effect on the pathological and histological of rats. The study was designed for an acute dose of 2000 mg/kg green tea extract for seven days. Sub-acute doses of 300 mg/kg, 500 mg/kg, and 1000 mg /Kg for 28 male and female BN rats. Results demonstrated that all rats were alive, and biochemical parameters met the reference values. Slight histopathological changes were observed in the liver at a dose of 1000 mg/kg. These findings suggest that the loading dose did not affect the vital organs of the rats or their survival rate. This Chinese green tea extract can be used to achieve the expected therapeutic benefits without any adverse effects.